What is this?
What is this?
What is this?
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accent: Ord��ez |
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math symbol: p ~ 3.14 |
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human feature: � ~ |
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graph: |
IST 100
IST 100
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Internet and Information Access, or |
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�Driver�s Ed for the Web� |
IST 100
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Internet and Information Access |
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IST 100, with emphasis on� |
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IS, as in Information Science |
Information Science
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What is it in particular? |
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What is it in general? |
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Why should you care? |
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Information Science
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In particular, IS is concerned with
documents and messages, and their: |
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representation = Text |
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letter, memo, email, IM |
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purchase order, invoice, receipt |
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newspaper, magazine, book |
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Web page |
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photograph, painting, sculpture |
Information Science
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In particular, IS is concerned with
documents and messages, and their: |
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representation = Text |
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storage |
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transmission |
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selection (retrieval, filtering) |
Information Science
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In particular, IS is concerned with
documents and messages, and their: |
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representation = Text |
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storage |
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transmission |
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selection (retrieval, filtering) |
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use = Context |
Information Science
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In particular, interest in such
human-directed documents and messages may extend to several kinds of
understanding: |
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contextual (fire vs. �Fire!!!�) |
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institutional (�ticket��) |
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methodological (boss � memo vs.
conversation) |
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technological (Webcam vs. emoticon) |
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theoretical |
Information Science
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In particular, interest in such
human-directed documents and messages may extend to several kinds of
understanding: |
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contextual |
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institutional |
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methodological |
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technological |
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theoretical |
Information Science
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A particular message: |
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�
�Get me Wrigley!� |
Information Science
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What is it in particular? |
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�IS is centered on the representation,
storage, transmission, selection (retrieval, filtering), and the use of
documents and messages� created for use by humans.� Interest extends outwards in many directions because of the
need to understand contextual, institutional, methodological, technological,
and theoretical aspects.� � Buckland & Liu, 1995 |
Information Science
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In general, IS is a discipline or field
like history or biology or linguistics or political science. It has: |
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professionals and practitioners |
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abstractions and concepts |
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formats, jargon, rules |
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capabilities, skills |
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competitors, look-alikes, allies |
Information Science
Mental constructs and
reality�
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We have various �mental constructs�
that we use to talk about �reality,� and these are the constituents or
elements of �messages.�� They attempt
to: |
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describe reality |
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explain reality |
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modify reality |
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replace reality |
These mental constructs�
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include: |
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data |
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information |
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knowledge |
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wisdom |
Slide 19
These mental constructs�
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include: |
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data |
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information |
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knowledge |
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wisdom |
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And they can be highly intertwined� |
These mental constructs�
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include: |
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data � �The big hand is on 8.� |
These mental constructs�
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include: |
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information � �It is 10:08 a.m.� |
These mental constructs�
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include: |
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knowledge � �I have two minutes to get
to class.� |
These mental constructs�
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include: |
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wisdom � �What?!!� I thought the exam was on the 4th!�
Are you sure?�� |
From Data to Information to
Knowledge
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�Concrete and practical |
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�Abstract and academic |
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From Data�
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�Data� is the raw material of IS/IT: |
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bits:�
0/1, +/-, on/off |
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characters (letters and numbers) |
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the subject of communication theory,
AKA �information theory� (Claude Shannon).�
This is one of the places where computer science and information
science meet. |
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A digression on �info
theory�
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Shannon�s first level of problems: |
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accurate transmission of symbols (the
technical problem) |
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For ex., sending the first 15 digits of
p (pi): |
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3.141592603589793 |
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should be |
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3.141592653589793 |
A digression on �info
theory�
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Shannon�s second level of problems: |
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precise communication of meaning (the
semantic problem) |
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Most �messages� have redundancy: |
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Cn yu rd ths sntnce? |
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W_lc_m_� t_� th_� _n_v_rs_ty� _t� _lb_ny |
A digression on �info
theory�
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Shannon�s third level of problems: |
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effective influence of behavior (the
effectiveness problem) |
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This can be oral, written, visual,
musical, or more. |
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A digression on �info
theory�
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Shannon�s three levels of problems: |
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accurate transmission � technical |
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precise meaning � semantic |
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effective influence � behavioral |
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To the extent they apply, we will focus
more on the middle, semantic level, but we will need to understand something
about all three. |
A digression on �info
theory�
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Shannon�s three levels of problems: |
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accurate transmission � technical � CSI |
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precise meaning � semantic � ISP |
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effective influence � behavioral � COM |
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Indeed, students in these three majors
should, in principle, know something about each of these three topics. |
Informatics
Data to Information�
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�Information� is organized data (relations): |
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bit strings � 11111010011 |
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character strings � K37 9RT |
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higher organized units, such as words
and images � Dave, Jamaica, music |
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�Information to Knowledge
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�Knowledge� is useful information (patterns): |
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2003 in binary is 11111010011. |
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The license plate on a car is K37 9RT. |
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One of Dave�s fantasies would be to
move to Jamaica and earn his living as a musician. |
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These provide meaning. |
Slide 35
Distinguishing among the
�constructs�
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What is this? |
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Data? |
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Info? |
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Knowledge? |
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�n.� Each |
Distinguishing among the
�constructs�
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How about this? |
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Data? |
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Info? |
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Knowledge? |
Transmission of knowledge�
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Genetics/Inheritance |
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Modelling/Mimicry |
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Accident/Adaptation |
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Teaching/Learning |
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Storage/Retrieval |
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passive |
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purposeful |
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Slide 39