Distinguished Service Professor

Paul W. Wallace, Ph.D.
Indiana University

Distinguished Teaching Professors

Josiah B. Gould Jr., Ph.D.
Johns Hopkins University

Warren E. Roberts, Ph.D. (Collins Fellow)
University of California, Berkeley

Professors Emeritae/i

Mary G. Goggin, Ph.D.
Yale University

Hans A. Pohlsander, Ph.D.
University of Michigan

Lois V. Williams, Ph.D.
Johns Hopkins University

Professors

Judith R. Baskin, Ph.D.
Yale University

Warren S. Ginsberg, Ph.D.
Yale University

Robert C. Howell, Ph.D.
University of Michigan

Cy Knoblauch, Ph.D.
Brown University

William A. Lanford, Ph.D.
University of Rochester

John Monfasani, Ph.D.
Columbia University

Colbert I. Nepaulsingh, Ph.D.
University of Toronto

John C. Overbeck, Ph.D.
University of Cincinnati

William T. Reedy, Ph.D.
Johns Hopkins University

William L. Reese, Ph.D.
University of Chicago

Louis W. Roberts, Ph.D.
State University of New York at Buffalo

Robert E. Sanders, Ph.D.
University of Iowa

Associate Professors

Roberta M. Bernstein, Ph.D.
Columbia University

Lana Cable, Ph.D.
Johns Hopkins University

Sarah R. Cohen, Ph.D.
Yale University

Jennifer Fleischner, Ph.D.
Columbia University

Daniel Grossberg, Ph.D.
New York University

Kathleen E. Kendall, Ph.D.
Indiana University

Olimpia Pelosi, Ph.D.
University of North Carolina

Michael R. Werner, Ph.D.
Stanford University

Assistant Professors

Sylvia Barnard, Ph.D.
Yale University

Rachel Dressler, Ph.D.
Columbia University

Associate Curator of Anthropology

Hetty Jo Brumbach, Ph.D.
University at Albany

Visiting Assistant Professor:

Stuart Swiny, Ph.D.
University of London

Full-Time Lecturer

Martha Fleming, Ph.D.
Boston University

Adjuncts:

Richard Gascoyne, M.A.
Columbia University

Gregory I Stevens, Ph.D.
University of Michigan

The Department of Classics offers courses in classical archaeology, Greek and Roman civilization, and the classical Latin and Greek languages. A major in Greek and Roman civilization (in English) is available through the general program with two concentrations: Classical Art and Archaeology or Classical Literature and Culture. The department also offers a minor in Greek and Roman Civilization.

Careers

Special Programs or Opportunities

All students in the Classical Art and Archaeology concentration are strongly urged to include archaeological fieldwork in their course of studies. Such a program is offered regularly during the summer session by both the Departments of Classics and Anthropology. Internships in archaeological documentation and conservation are also available at state agencies in the Albany area.

Students who expect to enter a graduate program in classical archaeology are urged to pursue the study of Latin or ancient Greek.

Degree Requirements for the Major in Greek and Roman Civilization

B.A.: A minimum of 36 credits at least 18 of which must be at the 300 level or above, to be distributed as follows:

1. 9 credits from the following core courses:

   A Clc 110L Classical Roots: Great Ideas of Greece and Rome
   A Clc 133 History of Ancient Greece
   A Clc 134 History of Ancient Rome

2. 6 credits from the following breadth courses:

   A Cas 220L Literatures of the World
   A Cla 131M Ancient Peoples of the World
   A Clc 105E/L Myths of the Greek World
   A Clc 125 Latin and Greek Elements in English
   A Clc 220Z Roman Poets & Playwrights
   A Clc 223E/L Masterpieces of Greek Tragedy and Comedy
   A Clc 225 Greek Literature in Translation
   A Clc 321 Fifth Century Athensy
   A Clc 322 Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
   A Clc 330 Rome: From Republic to Empire
   A Clc 331 The Age of Trajan and Hadrian
   A Clc 402 Greek and Roman Religion
   A Clc 403 Roman Civilization and Christianity
   A Clc 497 Independent Study (2-4 crs)
   A Clc 498 Topics in Classical Studies (1-4 crs)
   A Ant 131M Ancient Peoples of the World
   A Ant 243 Peoples and Cultures of the Middle East
   A Ant 331 Ancient Civilizations of the Old World
   A Eng 222E/L Masterpieces of Literature
   A Eng 295E/L Classics of Western Literature I: Ancient Epic to Modern Drama
   A Eng 296E/L Classics of Western Literature II: Homer, Vergil, Dante, Cervantes and Joyce
   A His 130 History of European Civilization I
   A His 263E Art, Music and History: A Multimedia Approach I
   A Jst 243 Peoples and Cultures of the Middle East
   A Phi 110L Introduction to Philosophical Problems
   A Phi 114L Morals and Society
   A Phi 116L World Views
   A Phi 212L Introduction to Ethical Theory
   A Phi 310 Ancient Philosophy
   A Phi 311 History of Medieval Philosophy
   A Rel 100E/L Introduction to the Study of Religion

3. 18 credits from one of the concentrations:

   Classical Art and Archaeology concentration:

   A Cla 207E/L Egyptian Archaeology
   A Cla 208E/L Greek Archaeology
   A Cla 209L Roman Archaeology
   A Cla 240 Archaeology and Ancient Israel I: Archaeology and the Bible (2 crs)
   A Cla 241 Archaeology and Ancient Israel II: Greco-Roman Period (2 crs)
   A Cla 301 Aegean Prehistory
   A Cla 302 Villanovans, Etruscans, and Early Rome
   A Cla 303/Z Early Christian Art and Architecture
   A Cla 307 The Pyramid Age
   A Cla 310 Art and Archaeology of Cyprus I
   A Cla 311 Art and Archaeology of Cyprus II
   A Cla 329 Archaeological Field Research (2-4 crs)
   A Cla 401 Greek Sculpture
   A Cla 402 Roman Sculpture
   A Cla 403 Greek Painting
   A Cla 405 Greek Architecture
   A Cla 406 Roman Architecture and Town Planning
   A Cla 407 The Egyptian Empire
   A Cla 490 Internship in Archaeological Conservation and Documentation (3-15 crs)
   A Cla 497 Independent Study (2-4 crs)
   A Ant 104 Archaeology
   A Ant 330 Topics in Archaeology
   A Ant 332 Ethnoarchaeology
   A Ant 335 Introduction to Archaeological Field Techniques
   A Ant 338 Archaeological Field Research (6 crs)
   A Ant 339 Archaeological Lab Techniques
   A Ant 413 Functional Anatomy of the Human Skeleton
   A Ant 430 Archaeological Theory
   A Ant 431 Seminar in Social Archaeology
   A Ant 435 Archaeological Surveys
   A Ant 438 Museum Research and Curation
   A Ant 490 Internship in Archaeological Conservation and Documentation (3-15 crs)
   A Ant 504 Proseminar in Archaeology
   A Ant 539 Topics in Archaeology
   A Arh 170L Survey of Art in the Western World I
   A Arh 303 Early Christian Art and Architecture
   A Bio 208N Marine Biology
   A Bio 322 Plant Morphology
   A Bio 324 Invertebrate Zoology
   A Bio 325 Comparative Anatomy of Chordates
   A Bio 415Z Vertebrate Biology
   A Bio 428 Mass Extinctions: Catastrophes in Ancient Environments
   A Csi 422 Introduction to Computer Graphics
   A Geo 210 Mineralogy
   A Geo 222 Igneous and Metamorphic Geology
   A Geo 230 Introduction to Field Methods and Stratigraphy
   A Gog 120 World Cities
   A Gog 220M Introductory Urban Geography
   A Gog 290 Introduction to Cartography
   A Gog 390 Intermediate Cartography
   A Gog 396 Introductory Statistical Methods for Geography
   A Gog 414 Computer Mapping
   A Jst 240 Archaeology and Ancient Israel I: Archaeology and the Bible (2 crs)
   A Jst 241 Archaeology and Ancient Israel II: Greco-Roman Period (2 crs)
   A Phy 462 Physics of Materials
   A Phy 519 Experimental Techniques in Physics
   A Pln 220M Introductory Urban Planning
   

   Classical Literature and Culture concentration

   (students are strongly encouraged to take approved courses in languages of the Mediterranean):

   A Clg 103L Introduction to New Testament Greek I
   A Clg 104L Introduction to New Testament Greek II
   A Clg 497 Independent Study (2-4 crs)
   A Cll 101L Elementary Latin I
   A Cll 102L Elementary Latin II
   A Cll 201L Introduction to Latin Literature I
   A Cll 202L Introduction to Latin Literature II
   A Cll 410A Latin Prose Authors
   A Cll 410B Latin Poetry
   A Cll 497 Independent Study (2-4 crs)
   A Clc 300 The Greeks and Their Neighbors
   A Clc 301 Rome and the Mediterranean World
   A Clc 310/Z Women in Antiquity
   A Clc 311 Law in Antiquity
   A Com 355 Introduction to Rhetorical Theory
   A Eng 421 Literature of the Middle Ages
   A Eng 522 The History of Rhetoric
   A His 235 Early and Medieval Christianity
   A His 336 History of the Early Middle Ages
   A His 337 History of the High Middle Ages
   A His 338 The Italian Renaissance
   A His 339 Renaissance and Reformation in 16th C. Europe
   A His 463 The Byzantine Empire
   A Ita 315 Italian Civilization from the Etruscans to Galileo
   A Jst 252 Jews, Hellenism, and Early Christianity
   A Jst 342Z Issues in Hellenistic-Rabbinic Judaism
   A Phi 523 Ancient Ethical Theory
   A Phi 550 Plato
   A Phi 552 Aristotle
   A Phi 553 Medieval Philosophy
   A Rel 103L Introduction to New Testament Greek I
   A Rel 104L Introduction to New Testament Greek II
   A Thr 221L Development of Theatre and Drama I
   A Wss 311/Z Women in Antiquity

4. 3 credits from the senior seminar A Clc 499

Combined B.A/M.A. Program

The combined program requires a minimum of 138 credits, of which at least 30 must be graduate credits. In qualifying for the B.A., students must meet all University and college requirements, including the requirements for the B.A. program described above, the minor requirement, the minimum 90-credit liberal arts and sciences requirements, general education requirements, and residency requirements. In qualifying for the M.A., students must meet all University and college requirements as outlined in the Graduate Bulletin, including completion of a minimum of 30 graduate credits and any other conditions such as a research seminar, thesis, comprehensive examination, or other professional experience where required, and residency requirements. Up to 12 graduate credits may be applied simultaneously to both the B.A. and M.A. programs.

Students will be considered as undergraduates until completion of 120 graduation credits and satisfactory completion of all B.A. requirements. Upon meeting B.A. requirements, students will automatically be considered as graduate students. Students may apply for admission to the combined degree program at the beginning of their junior year or after the successful completion of 56 credits, but no later than the accumulation of 100 credits. A cumulative grade point average of 3.20 or higher and three supportive letters of recommendation from faculty are required for consideration.

Courses in Classical Archaeology

A Cla 131M (same as A Ant 131M) Ancient Peoples of the World (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & SS
Ancient cultures from around the world will be presented and analyzed from the available archaeological data. The gradual development of civilization in both the Old and New Worlds will be the focus of the course. Only one of A Cla 131M & A Ant 131M may be taken for credit.

A Cla 207L Egyptian Archaeology (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & HA
A survey of the remains of ancient Egypt from the earliest times to the Roman Empire. The pyramids, temples, tombs, mummies and works of art will be examined in an attempt to understand the unique character of ancient Egypt. Selections from Egyptian religious and historical texts will be read in translation. A Cla 207E is the writing intensive version of 207L; only one may be taken for credit.

A Cla 207E Egyptian Archaeology (3)
Meets General Education: CHP, HA & WI
A Cla 207E is the writing intensive version of 207L; only one may be taken for credit.

A Cla 208L Greek Archaeology (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & HA
Survey of the prehistoric and historical cultures of ancient Greece, as revealed by archaeology, from the Neolithic to the Hellenistic era, with emphasis on the evolution of pottery style, painting, sculpture and architecture.

A Cla 208E Greek Archaeology (3)
Meets General Education: CHP, HA & WI
A Cla 208E is the writing intensive version of 208L; only one may be taken for credit.

A Cla 209L Roman Archaeology (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & HA
Survey of the monuments of ancient Rome and her empire in a cultural and evolutionary context, including major works of sculpture, wall painting and architecture. Roman towns and principles of town planning also studied. Translated selections from Roman literary and historical sources.

A Cla 240 (same as A Jst 240) Archaeology and Ancient Israel I: Archaeology and the Bible (2)
Important discoveries related to biblical history and literature. Examination of sites, artifacts, texts and scripts from the Bronze Age to the Babylonian exile. Only one of A Jst 240 & A Cla 240 may be taken for credit.

A Cla 241 (same as A Jst 241) Archaeology and Ancient Israel II: Greco-Roman Period (2)
Important discoveries related to postbiblical Jewish life and history. Examination of relevant papyri, the Dead Sea Scrolls, coins, Masada, Jerusalem, burial caves, synagogue art and other topics. Only one of A Jst 241 & A Cla 241 may be taken for credit.

A Cla 301 Aegean Prehistory (3)
Archaeology of the Aegean area from Paleolithic times to the end of the Bronze Age, with emphasis on Minoan Crete and Mycenaean Greece. Prerequisite(s): A Cla 208L or A Cla 208E. May not be offered during 1998-99.

A Cla 302 Villanovans, Etruscans, and Early Rome (3)
Archaeology of the Etruscans and of early Rome in the context of the Iron Age cultures of the Italian peninsula. Prerequisite(s): A Cla 209, or A Clc 134, or junior or senior class standing. May not be offered during 1998-99.

A Cla 303 (same as A Arh 303) Early Christian Art and Architecture (3)
An examination of early Christian art and architecture from their beginnings in the 3rd century to the death of Justinian in 565. Architecture, painting, mosaic and the minor arts are examined in their historical setting. A Arh 303Z & A Cla 303Z are the writing intensive versions of A Arh 303 & A Cla 303; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Cla 209, or A Clc 134, or A Arh 170L.

A Cla 303Z (same as A Arh 303Z) Early Christian Art and Architecture (3)
Meets General Education: WI
A Arh 303Z & A Cla 303Z are the writing intensive versions of A Arh 303 & A Cla 303; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Cla 209, or A Clc 134, or A Arh 170L.

A Cla 307 The Pyramid Age (3)
Archaeology of Egypt during the Old Kingdom and the 1st Intermediate Period, from later predynastic times to the end of the 10th dynasty (ca. 3100�2040 B.C.). Detailed study of pyramids and tombs, together with art and literature of the period. Prerequisite(s): A Cla 207L, 207E or permission of instructor.

A Cla 310 Art and Archaeology of Cyprus l (3)
An examination of the art, architecture and changing environmental setting of Cypriot cultures from the earliest human occupation to the Roman period. The island�s role as main contact point between Eastern and Western Mediterranean civilizations will be emphasized.

A Cla 311 Art and Archaeology of Cyprus ll (3)
An examination of the art, architecture of the island of Cyprus from the Romans to the present. Mosaics, Byzantine church painting and Gothic ecclesiastical architecture emphasize the significance of the Christian outpost in the Moslem east under Latin and Ottoman rule as well as British colonialism.

A Cla 329 (formerly A Cla 338) Archaeological Field Research (2� 6)
Supervised participation in the excavation of approved Old World prehistoric, classical or medieval sites. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing and permission of the department chair.

A Cla 401 (formerly A Cla 402) Greek Sculpture (3)
Study of selected sculptural monuments from the Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic eras, considered in relation to their historical, intellectual and religious context. Prerequisite(s): A Cla 208L or A Cla 208E.

A Cla 402 (formerly A Cla 412) Roman Sculpture (3)
Selected monuments representing the historical development of Roman sculpture in its social and religious context from the early Republic to the time of the emperor Constantine. Prerequisite(s): A Cla 208L or A Cla 208E or A Cla 209 or A Arh 170L.

A Cla 403 (formerly A Cla 432) Greek Painting (3)
A survey of ancient Greek painting from the beginnings about 1000 B.C. through the Hellenistic age; primarily painted vases, but also including the limited evidence that exists for wall painting and other forms. Prerequisite(s): A Cla 208L or A Cla 208E.

A Cla 405 (formerly A Cla 460) Greek Architecture (3)
The development of Greek monumental architecture from the earliest temples through the Hellenistic Age. Prerequisite(s): A Cla 208L or A Cla 208E.

A Cla 406 (formerly A Cla 461) Roman Architecture and Town Planning (3)
The development of Roman public and private architecture, with emphasis on its urban setting and function, and the evolution of Roman towns in Italy and the Empire from the early Republic to the time of the emperor Constantine. Prerequisite(s): A Cla 208L or A Cla 208E or A Cla 209 or A Arh 170L.

A Cla 407 The Egyptian Empire (3)
Concentrates on the Middle and New Kingdoms (circa 2133�1085), when Egypt ruled the east. Includes the art, literature, architecture, political and military activity which created the beginnings of western civilization in the Mediterranean. Prerequisite(s): A Cla 207L, 207E or permission of instructor.

A Cla 490 (same as A Ant 490) Internship in Archaeological Conservation and Documentation (3�15)
Supervised placement in an agency engaged in conservation and documentation of archaeological artifacts, such as the New York State Museum or State Conservation Laboratory. Provides practical experience and cannot be counted among the 9 elective credits above the 300-level required for Mediterranean archaeology majors. Anthropology majors may use up to 3 credits toward major elective credit. May be taken by majors in Greek and Roman civilization and anthropology only.

A Cla 497 Independent Study (2�4)
Seniors may offer 2 to 4 credits of independent study in place of regular course work in classical archaeology. Projects must be approved by the department chair. May be repeated once.

Courses in Greek and Roman Civilization

A Clc 105L Myths of the Greek World (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & HA
Survey of the origin and development of the major myths of ancient Greece.

A Clc 105E Myths of the Greek World (3)
Meets General Education: CHP, HA & WI
Survey of the origin and development of the major myths of ancient Greece. A Clc 105E is the writing intensive version of 105L; only one may be taken for credit.

A Clc 110L Classical Roots: Great Ideas of Greece and Rome (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & HA
Greek and Roman literature in translation. Considers such topics as human dignity and values, power and pride, the hero, intelligence impaired by appetite, and justice of the gods in such authors as Homer, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Plato, Aristotle, Vergil and selected historians. Prerequisite(s): freshman or sophomore class standing.

A Clc 125 Latin and Greek Elements in English (3)
Meets General Education: CHP
Systematic study of those elements of the Latin and Greek languages that have contributed to the formation of English vocabulary, both general and scientific. Designed for students with no knowledge of a classical language. May not be offered during 1998-99.

A Clc 133 History of Ancient Greece (3)
Meets General Education: CHP
The antecedents of Greek culture in the ancient Near East, the Aegean culture, the rise of Greece, the development of Athenian democracy, the decline of Greece and the Macedonian conquest.

A Clc 134 History of Ancient Rome (3)
Meets General Education: CHP
Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age, the rise of Rome, the Republic and the Empire.

A Clc 220Z Roman Poets and Playwrights (3)
Meets General Education: WI
Study of various types of Roman poetry, including lyric, epic and dramatic, with consideration of their role in the development of the Western literary tradition.

A Clc 223L Masterpieces of Greek Tragedy and Comedy (3)
Meets General Education: HA
Selected plays of Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes and Menander. A Clc 223E is the writing intensive version of A Clc 223L; only one may be taken for credit.

A Clc 223E Masterpieces of Greek Tragedy and Comedy (3)
Meets General Education: HA & WI
A Clc 223E is the writing intensive version of A Clc 223L; only one may be taken for credit.

A Clc 225 Greek Literature in Translation (3)
Reading (in English) and analysis of ancient Greek literary masterpieces from Homer through the Hellenistic era.

A Clc 300 The Greeks and Their Neighbors (3)
Meets General Education: CHP
The relations of the Greeks with the Near East and with Rome. Readings in English from the works of five Greek historians: Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, Arrian and Polybius. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing.

A Clc 301 Rome and the Mediterranean World (3)
Meets General Education: CHP
The Romans� view of their origin and destiny in the Mediterranean world. Readings in English from the works of five Roman historians: Livy, Sallust, Caesar, Tacitus and Ammianus. Prerequisite(s): A Clc 134 or A Cla 209.

A Clc 310 (same as A Wss 311) Women in Antiquity (3)
Meets General Education: CHP
Study of the literary, historical and archaeological evidence concerning the lives and roles of women in Greek and Roman society. A Clc 310Z & A Wss 311Z are writing intensive versions of A Clc 310 & A Wss 311; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing.

A Clc 310Z (same as A Wss 311Z) Women in Antiquity (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & WI
A Clc 310Z & A Wss 311Z are writing intensive versions of Clc 310 & Wss 311; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing.

A Clc 311 Law in Antiquity (3)
Survey of ancient law from Sumerian times until the end of the Roman Empire, with emphasis on Greek and Roman legal practice; studied in relation to social, economic, religious and political life. Comparisons between ancient and modern concepts of justice. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing.

A Clc 322 Alexander and the Hellenistic Age (3)
An area study of Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age to the Battle of Actium (31 B.C.), using all available resources of history, art and archaeology, geography and literature. Prerequisite(s): A Clc 133 or A Cla 208L or A Cla 208E.

A Clc 330 Rome: From Republic to Empire (3)
An area study of the history, art and archaeology, geography, and literature of Rome in the transition from republic to empire using all available resources. Prerequisite(s): A Clc 134 or A Cla 209L.

A Clc 331 The Age of Trajan and Hadrian (3)
An area study of the history art and archaeology, geography, and literature of the age of Trajan and Hadrian using all available resources. Prerequisite(s): A Clc 134 or A Cla 209.

A Clc 402 (same as A Rel 402) Greek and Roman Religion (3)
Survey of Greek and Roman religions at large followed by a detailed examination of the so-called mystery religions. Interdisciplinary in nature, it employs not only religious but also philosophical, especially ethical, literary, historical and archaeological materials. Only one of A Clc 402 & A Rel 402 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing and some background in either classical or religious studies. May not be offered during 1998-99.

A Clc 403 (same as A Rel 403) Roman Civilization and Christianity (3)
Roman civilization in the late Empire. The relation between pagan and Christian culture based on a study of literary and archaeological sources. Prerequisite(s): A Clc 134 or A His 235Z. Only one of A Clc 403 & A Rel 403 may be taken for credit. May not be offered during 1998-99.

A Clc 497 Independent Study (2�4)
Seniors may offer 2 to 4 credits of independent study in place of regular course work in Greek and Roman civilization. Projects must be approved by the department chair. May be repeated once.

A Clc 498 Topics in Classical Studies (1�4)
Selected topics in classical studies. May be repeated for credit with a change of topic. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing, or permission of instructor.

A Clc 499 Senior Seminar in Classical Studies (3)
Seminar on selected topics in classical studies. Preparation of a paper under the direction of a faculty member. Open to seniors with permission of director.

Courses in Ancient Greek

A Clg 104L (same as A Rel 104L) Introduction to New Testament Greek II (4)
Meets General Education: CHP & HA
Continuation of A Clg 103L. Only one of A Clg 104L & A Rel 104L may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Clg 103L or permission of instructor.

A Clg 497 Independent Study (2�4)
Seniors may offer 2 to 4 credits of independent study in place of regular course work in Greek. Projects must be approved by the department chair. May be repeated once.

Courses in Latin

A Cll 102L Elementary Latin II (4)
Meets General Education: CHP & HA
Continuation of A Cll 101L; grammar, composition, conversation, and reading of Latin. Prerequisite(s): A Cll 101L or permission of instructor.

A Cll 201L Introduction to Latin Literature I (4)
Meets General Education: CHP & HA
Selected readings from prose authors, especially Cicero, and from Latin poetry. Prerequisite(s): A Cll 102L or permission of instructor for students with two years of high school Latin.

A Cll 202L Introduction to Latin Literature II (4)
Meets General Education: CHP & HA
Continuation of A Cll 201L; selected readings from prose authors, especially Cicero, and from Latin poetry. Prerequisite(s): A Cll 201L or permission of instructor.

A Cll 410A Latin Prose Authors (3)
Detailed study and criticism of one or more Latin prose authors (historians, orators, novelists, etc.) May be repeated with change in author(s). Prerequisite(s): A Cll 202L or equivalent.

A Cll 410B Latin Poetry (3)
Detailed study and criticism of one or more Latin epic, lyric or dramatic poets. May be repeated with change or author(s). Prerequisite(s): A Cll 202L or equivalent.

A Cll 497 Independent Study (2�4)
Seniors may offer 2 to 4 credits of independent study in place of regular course work in Latin. Projects must be approved by the department chair. May be repeated once.