Professors

Ray Bromley, Ph.D.
Cambridge University

Thomas L. Daniels, Ph.D.
Oregon State University

Floyd Henderson, Ph.D.
University of Kansas

John S. Pipkin, Ph.D.
Northwestern University

Christopher J. Smith, Ph.D.
University of Michigan

Associate Professors

James E. Mower, Ph.D.
State University of New York at Buffalo

Roger W. Stump, Ph.D.
University of Kansas

Assistant Professors

Deborah Berman-Santana, Ph.D.
University of California, Berkeley

Clifford D. Ellis, Ph.D.
University of California, Berkeley

Andre Lapenis, Ph.D.
State Hydrological Institute, Saint Petersburg

Renee Sieber, Ph.D.
Rutgers University

Adjuncts (estimated): 5
Teaching Assistants (estimated): 9.5

The Department of Geography and Planning offers programs leading to the B.A., M.A., and M.R.P. degrees, a combined B.A./M.A. program, and an Undergraduate/Graduate Certificate in Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis. Undergraduate students can major or minor in geography and the department also offers a major and minor in urban studies and planning. Geographers study the characteristics of space, location and place in the broader context of how people interact with both physical and human environments. Geography can be classified as both a natural science and a social science as it examines people and their environment and serves as a bridge between the physical and cultural worlds. Urban planning is a discipline and professional practice which deals with the form, organization, and orderly development of cities, suburbs, and rural areas.

Teaching and research in the department emphasize urban, social, physical, and cultural geography; city and regional planning; urban design; remote sensing; cartography and geographic information systems; environmental studies; climatology; computer and statistical models; area (regional) studies; and urban and regional planning methods; economic development; small town and rural land-use planning.

Careers

Degree Requirements for the Major in Geography

B.A.: A minimum of 36 credits in geography course work including A Gog 101N; 102G or 102M; A Gog 396; one course from A Gog 290, 293 or 385; and 23�24 credits of elective course work in geography which must include: (1) a minimum of 9 credits at or above the 300 level and (2)at least one course of a regional nature from the following: A Gog 160, 250, 270, 350, 354, 356, and 365.

Honors Program

Students may apply for admission to the program during their junior year or at the beginning of their senior year. To gain admission. students must have formally declared a major in geography and completed at least 12 credits of course work in the department. In addition, at the time of admission students must have an overall grade point average of at least 3.25, and of 3.50 in geography. Students must complete a minimum of 48 credits, as follows:

A minimum of 42 credits in geography, including:

15�16 credits of required course work, including A Gog 101N, 102G or 102M, 396, 400 and one course from A Gog 290, 291, 293 and 385.

6 credits of Senior Honors Thesis, A Gog 499A and 499B. During this two-semester sequence, the student will prepare an honors thesis based on original library and/or field research, under the supervision of a member of the department. Any faculty member knowledgeable in the topic may supervise an honors thesis. A written proposal describing the project must be approved by the adviser and the departmental Honors Committee by the beginning of the student�s senior year. The thesis will be submitted for formal evaluation in the spring semester of the student�s senior year, and must be approved by both the adviser and the Honors Committee.

20�21 credits of elective course work in geography which must include a) a minimum of 12 credits at or above the 300 level and b) at least one course of a regional nature from the following: A Gog 160, 250, 270, 350, 354, 356, and 365.

A minimum of 6 credits of foreign language or of an appropriate research skill, such as computing, statistics, or social research methodology as approved by the adviser and the Honors Committee.

If this requirement is met using a foreign language, the student must complete one year of college-level study of the language or achieve placement beyond the first year of that language.

For a research skill other than a foreign language, the student must complete 6 credits of relevant course work outside the department.

The departmental Honors Committee will review each student�s progress at the end of each semester. Students whose work has not been satisfactory will be warned and, if warranted, dismissed from the program. Unsatisfactory work in a semester would include failing to maintain a satisfactory grade point average, having unjustified incomplete grades, or failing to make satisfactory progress toward completion of the honors program requirements. Upon completion of all honors program requirements with a grade point average of 3.50 in geography and 3.25 overall, students will be recommended by the Honors Committee for graduation with Honors in Geography.

Combined B.A./M.A. Program

The combined program requires a minimum of 138 credits, of which at least 30 must be graduate credits. In qualifying for the B.A., students must meet all University and college requirements, including the requirements of the undergraduate major described previously, the minor requirement, the minimum 90-credit liberal arts and sciences requirement, the general education requirements, and residency requirements. In qualifying for the M.A., students must meet all University and college requirements as outlined in the Graduate Bulletin, including completion of a minimum of 30 graduate credits and any other conditions such as a research seminar, thesis, comprehensive examination, professional experience, and residency requirements. Up to 12 graduate credits may be applied simultaneously to both the B.A. and M.A. programs.

Students are considered as undergraduates until completion of 120 graduation credits and satisfactory completion of all B.A. requirements. Upon meeting B.A. requirements, students are automatically considered as graduate students.

Students may be admitted to the combined degree program at the beginning of their junior year, or after the successful completion of 56 credits, but no later than the accumulation of 100 credits. A cumulative grade point average of 3.20 or higher and three supportive letters of recommendation from faculty are required for consideration. Students will be admitted upon the recommendation of the Graduate Admissions Committee of the department.

Undergraduate Certificate Program in Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis

The certificate requires 20 credit hours of undergraduate course work:

20 credits of core course work, including A Gog 290, 385, 396, 414, 485, and 496.

Faculty-Initiated Interdisciplinary Major with a Concentration in Urban Studies and Planning

B.A.: A minimum of 36 credits including:

Six core courses: A Gog 120 or 120Z, A Gog 125M, A Gog 220M, A Pln 220M, A Pln 320Z, and A Gog 321M/A Eas 321M/A Lcs 321M, or A Gog 324, or A Gog 480.

Four planning courses at the 400 or 500 level. Registration in 500-level courses is limited to seniors who obtain the permission of the program director and of the course instructor.

Two courses in one cognate discipline:

Anthropology (A Ant 119N, and either 372 or 372Z), or Economics (A Eco 341 or 341Z, and 456Z), or Education (E Edu 427, and either 400 or 401), or History (A His 317 or 317Z, and 318 or 318Z), or Political Science (R Pos 205/R Pub 205, R Pos 323 or R Pos 424), or Sociology (A Soc 373, 375 or 473Z).

Geography Courses

A Gog 102M Introduction to Human Geography (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & SS
Introduction to the main fields of human geography, including population, cultural, economic, urban, and political geography, with emphasis on world patterns and regional examples. A Gog 102G is a writing intensive version of A Gog 102M; only one may be taken for credit.

A Gog 102G Introduction to Human Geography (4)
Meets General Education: CHP, SS & WI
A Gog 102G is a writing intensive version of A Gog 102M; only one may be taken for credit.

A Gog 120 World Cities (3)
Meets General Education: CHP
Introduction to the geography of cities around the world and to the role of cities in the world system. Covers: origins and spread of urbanism in different cultural settings; levels of urbanization in space and time; urban form and land-use; rural-urban interaction; city systems and megacities; distinctive features of contemporary American cities. A Gog 120Z is the writing intensive version of A Gog 120; only one of the two courses may be taken for credit.

A Gog 120Z World Cities (4)
Meets General Education: CHP & WI
A Gog 120Z is the writing intensive version of A Gog 120; only one of the two courses may be taken for credit.

A Gog 125M The American City (3)
Meets General Education: HD & SS
Reviews social, economic, political and physical characteristics of American cities resulting from key events (e.g. industrial development, European immigration, suburbanization, the Civil Rights Movement). Examines the relationship between these events and current urban issues. Specific topics include: de-industrialization, women in the workforce, homelessness, poverty, environmental degradation, health care, and AIDS. Considers the influence of race, ethnicity, class and gender factors on the character of cities.

A Gog 160M (same as A Eac 160M) China: People and Places in the Land of One Billion (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & SS
An introductory course dealing with the human and physical geography of China. After a brief survey of China�s historical geography and development, the course focuses on post-liberation China and the urban, economic, social, and demographic problems associated with modernization. A Gog 160Z & A Eac 160Z are writing intensive versions of A Gog 160 & A Eac 160; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit.

A Gog 160G (same as A Eac 160G) China: People and Places in the Land of One Billion (3)
Meets General Education: CHP, SS & WI
A Gog 160G & A Eac 160G are writing intensive versions of A Gog 160 & A Eac 160; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit.

A Gog 180 Asian America (same as A Eas 180) (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & HD
This course examines the history of the Asian experience in the United States (especially that of the Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Southeast Asian communities). Topics include immigration, legal status, the transformation of Asian-American communities, their relationship with their native lands, and Asian-American self-representation in literature and film. May not be offered during 1998-99.

A Gog 201 Introductory Geomorphology (3)
Origin and development of landforms produced by water, wind, waves, and ice action with human interaction as an active or a passive agent in the gradation processes of their physical environment. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 101N. May not be offered during 1998-99.

A Gog 210 Introductory Economic Geography (3)
Introductory survey of the findings, models, and theory of modern economic geography, which deals with the spatial patterns of economic activity. Major portions of the course deal with: agricultural activity, industrial location theory retail and service activities, and transportation and trade. Emphasis on free market economies. May not be offered during 1998-99.

A Gog 220M Introductory Urban Geography (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & SS
Introductory survey of findings and theory of urban geography, which deals with the form and function of cities. Major themes include: history of urban form; spatial structure of modern urban systems; and the internal structure of the city, emphasizing social and economic patterns.

A Gog 240 Patterns of American Immigration (3)
Meets General Education: HD
This course provides a survey of immigration to the United States, focusing on key characteristics of immigrant groups and their cultures, in relation to both their places of origin and their destinations in this country. May not be offered during 1998- 99.

A Gog 250 (same as A Lcs 250) Geography of Latin America (3)
Meets General Education: CHP
An introduction to the geographical diversity of Latin America, reviewing the Continent�s physical features, natural resources, societies, economies and politics, and relating them to its history and cultural traditions. Particular attention will be given to rural and urban living conditions, social and regional inequalities, population distribution, internal and international migration, and socioeconomic development issues. A Gog 250Z & A Lcs 250Z are writing intensive versions of A Gog 250 & A Lcs 250; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit.

A Gog 250Z (same as A Lcs 250Z) Geography of Latin America (4)
Meets General Education: CHP & WI
A Gog 250Z & A Lcs 250Z are writing intensive versions of A Gog 250 & A Lcs 250; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit.

A Gog 270 (same as A Aas 270) Geography of Africa (3)
Geographic analysis of the continent of Africa. the diversity of the African continent will be stressed by examining its physical environment, resources, social, cultural, economic, and political systems. Emphasis upon the demographic as well as spatial planning aspects of geography. Only one of A Gog 270 & A Aas 270 may be taken for credit.

A Gog 290 Introduction to Cartography (4)
An introductory course in the theory and techniques of map production. Reviews and discusses the elements of cartographic theory including the relationships between human perception and map symbology. Students will produce a series of hand-drafted maps over the duration of the course.

A Gog 293 Use and Interpretation of Aerial Photographs (3)
Interpretation and examination of air photos for geographic investigations. Topics include the development of the evaluation of photo keys, thematic mapping, and analysis of landscape elements.

A Gog 301 Physiography of the United States (3)
Examination of the major landform subdivisions in the United States and their development. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 101N or 201. May not be offered during 1998-99.

A Gog 304 Climate and People: An Introduction to Climatology (3)
Survey of the fundamentals of climate system. Particular attention is paid to the explanation rather than the description of atmospheric and oceanic processes. Emphasis is given to the application of concepts of environmental physics to selected natural objects: terrestrial planets, the World Ocean, continents, cities, vegetation, animals and humans. Energy balance study at different temporal and spatial scales is used as a methodological tool to provide a better understanding of such concepts as the �greenhouse� effect, climate sensitivity, photosynthesis, the metabolism of animals, survival of humans in different climates, etc. Work on the Internet with remote weather stations and climate related resources is a part of the course project. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 101N or A Atm 103 or permission of instructor.

A Gog 310N (same as A Bio 311N and U Uni 310N) World Food Crisis (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & NS
Interdisciplinary approach to understanding world food problems through analyses of social, political, economic, nutritional, agricultural, and environmental aspects of world hunger. Faculty from several departments in the sciences, humanities, and social and behavioral sciences present views from various disciplines. A Gog 310N, A Bio 311N, and U Uni 310N are equivalent courses; only one of the three courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing or permission of instructor.

A Gog 317 (same as A Geo 317) Geomorphology (4)
A systematic introduction to the study of landforms and the processes that shape them. Laboratory work and field trips are part of the course. Three lectures and one lab per week. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 101N; A Geo 100N or 100F or 105N; or permission of instructor. May not be offered during 1998-99.

A Gog 321M (same as A Lcs 321M and A Eas 321M) Exploring the Multicultural City (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & SS
This course will explore the human dimensions and implications of ethnic diversity in the United States, focusing on New York City. The course utilizes a variety of methods to introduce students to the multicultural city, beginning in the classroom but ending with field work in a specific New York neighborhood. A Gog 321M is equivalent in content to A Lcs 321M and A Eas 321M; only one of the three courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 102M or 102G or 120Z or 125M or 160M or 160G or 220M,or 240. May not be offered during 1998-99.

A Gog 324 The City on Computer (3)
An introduction to the use of geographic technology in studying urban features and patterns. The course provides a conceptual bridge between introductory courses in urban geography and specialized courses in geographic techniques. Students will acquire familiarity with relevant software, data sources and methods of analysis through regular computing laboratory assignments. Prerequisite(s): any two of the following: A Gog 120/120Z, 125M, 220M, A Pln 220M.

A Gog 350 (same as A Eas 350) Geography and Development in Pacific Asia (3)
Meets General Education: CHP
This course provides an introduction to the economic and social geography of Pacific Asia. The course uses a comparative framework to investigate the problems and prospects associated with economic development in the region, focusing on Japan and China, as well as Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korean, Taiwan, Vietnam and Thailand. Only one of A Gog 350 & A Eas 350 may be taken for credit.

A Gog 354 (same as A Lcs 354) Caribbean Environment & Development (3)
Survey and analysis of problems of development and the environment in the Caribbean. Topics covered include the relationship of the Region�s colonial legacy to present-day underdeveloped and ecological degradation; environmental consequences of various strategies of development; prospects for alternatives such as sustainable development and regional integration. A Gog 354Z is the writing intensive version of 354;only one may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Gog101N or 102M or 250/ A Lcs 250 or A Lcs 102 or 269, or permission of instructor.

A Gog 354Z (same as A Lcs 354Z) Caribbean Environment & Development (4)
Meets General Education: WI
A Gog 354Z is the writing intensive version of A Gog 354;only one may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Gog101N or 102M or 250/A Lcs 250 or A Lcs 102 or 269, or permission of instructor.

A Gog 356 Geography of the United States (3)
A systematic treatment of the physical, economic and cultural geography of the United States; selected regional problems of land utilization and of geographic adjustments. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing. or permission of instructor.

A Gog 365 Geography of Europe (3)
Overview of the physical and human geography of Europe considered as a whole, followed by a more intensive discussion of selected topics on the Mediterranean countries, the British Isles, France, Germany, and the countries of east-central Europe from Scandinavia to the Balkans. Cultural, political, and economic issues will be emphasized, with analysis of contemporary matters in their historical context. A Gog 365Z is the writing intensive version of A Gog 365; only one may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing or permission of instructor.

A Gog 365Z Geography of Europe (3)
Meets General Education: WI
A Gog 365Z is the writing intensive version of A Gog 365; only one may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing or permission of instructor.

A Gog 385 Introduction to Remote Sensing of Environment (4)
Introduction to the concepts and interdisciplinary applications of remote sensing. The basic principles of theory and practice are presented for earth resource management. Photographic and nonphotographic sensors are examined. Visual and digital image analysis techniques are introduced. Students will interpret color infrared, multispectral, radar, and other sensor imagery for a variety of purposes. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing, or permission of instructor.

A Gog 390 Intermediate Cartography (3)
Techniques of reproduction graphics with emphasis on map planning and construction. Utilization of half-tone, color-key, and other production processes as models of cartographic expression. Prerequisite(s): A Gog290.

A Gog 396 Introductory Statistical Methods for Geography (3)
An introduction to quantitative methods used in the analysis of spatial data, including parametric and nonparametric statistics, and techniques of point and areal pattern analysis. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing, or permission of instructor.

A Gog 397 Independent Investigations in Geography (1�6)
Reserved for highly qualified students who wish to conduct independent research in topical and regional geography. The student will work independently under the guidance of a member of the faculty. The student will submit a finished report at the end of the term. May be repeated for credit to a total of 6 credits. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing, and permission of instructor.

A Gog 400 Introduction to Geographic Thought (3)
Geographic knowledge from ancient to modern times, including chief writers and their works. Emphasis on main themes and viewpoints of 20th century geography including locational analysis and spatial organization, historical, cultural and environmental studies. Prerequisite(s): undergraduate major or minor in geography or permission of the instructor.

A Gog 404 Topics in Physical Geography (1�3)
A review of some of the major environmental problems facing humankind from a physical geographer�s perspective. Examples of selected topics include, but are not limited to: climatic change, desertification, drought, soil erosion, soil salinization, hunger and world food problem, groundwater contamination, acid rain, biogeochemical cycles and pollution, nuclear winter. May be repeated once for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Gog101 or permission of instructor.

A Gog 414 Computer Mapping (3)
Introduces the student to the fundamental techniques and applications of automated map production. Lectures include discussions of algorithm and program development as well as existing software packages. Students will also be introduced to current problems and research in automated map production. Covers a wide range of topics including but not limited to automated drafting, computer generated projections, coordinate systems and transformations, data structures and discussions of algorithms for specific applications. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 290 or permission of instructor.

A Gog 417 Geography Internships (3�6)
Work in cartography, remote sensing, environmental, or other offices to gain preprofessional experience in applied geography. Carried out under the joint supervision of faculty and the host office. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing, and permission of instructor. S/U graded.

A Gog 431 Climate in the Past and Future: Advanced Climatology (3)
This course will begin with history of the earth�s climate. The survey of past climates will help us to better understand the general aspects of physical climatology, and climatic trends. The evolution of the global climate is explained through the analysis of feedback loops between different components of the climate system: atmosphere, oceans, living organisms, the carbon cycle, volcanic activity and changes in solar luminosity. Emphasis is placed on the study of climate sensitivity to global factors, and application of this knowledge to the forecast of human-produced climate changes in the future. Present climatic trends will be considered in relation to the accelerating growth of the human population, production of energy and development of agriculture. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 101N or A Atm 103 or permission of instructor.

A Gog 442Z Cultural Geography (3)
Meets General Education: WI
Examination of current concepts and research in cultural geography through a detailed survey of one of its regional or thematic subfields. Examples of the latter include: the cultural geography of North America, the cultural landscape, the geography of religion. May be repeated once for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Gog102G or 102M or permission of instructor.

A Gog 447 Geography of Development and Underdevelopment (3)
An analytical survey of �Third World� development theories and the development strategies they inspire. Topics covered include traditional concepts of natural and human resources identification and use, geographic diffusion, modernization, and economic growth, as well as challenges to the prevailing ideas and practices such as dependency, sustainable development, and community empowerment. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior standing, or permission of instructor.

A Gog 450 Directed Study in Geography (3)
Advanced study in regional and topical geography under the direction of the geography staff. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite(s): 9 credits in geography.

A Gog 470Z (same as A Eac 470Z) China After Deng Xiaoping (3)
Meets General Education: WI
This course examines some of the issues associated with modernization and economic development in Post-Deng Xiaoping China. The course focuses on the era of economic reform associated with Deng, and is particularly concerned with the social, spatial and political ramifications of China�s entry into the global economy. Prerequisite(s): any of the following: A Eac 170, or A Gog 102G/M or A Gog 160/160Z or A Gog 220M.

A Gog 479 Fundamentals of Applied Global Positioning Systems (GPS) (3)
This course introduces students to the fundamentals of Global Positioning system technology as applied to the geosciences. Topics include background and history, signal structure, resolution, accuracy, data collection techniques, basic geodesy, projections and data, and applications. Field work and lab exercises compliment lecture material.

A Gog 480 Space, Society, and the Postmodern City (3)
Explores some of the theoretical debates and empirical research conducted by geographers and planners interested in the contemporary city. Adopts a political/economy approach to the investigation of social problems currently pervasive in the capitalist city, including: inner city poverty and the underclass, homelessness, gender-related issues, racial segregation; and crime problems. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 102G or 102M or A Gog 210 or A Gog 220M.

A Gog 485 Advanced Remote Sensing of Environment (3)
A variety of remote sensing applications and techniques are discussed with reference to geography, planning, and related disciplines. Natural resource classification systems, mapping strategies, and data collection steps are analyzed through empirical exercises. Fundamental concepts of digital image analysis including theory, processing, enhancement, and information extraction are given particular attention. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 385.

A Gog 496 Geographic Information Systems (3)
Introduction to the structure, design, and application of data base management systems designed to accept large volumes of spatial data derived from various sources. The student will learn how to efficiently store, retrieve, manipulate, analyze, and display these data according to a variety of user-defined specifications. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 101N; A Gog 290 or 291 or 390; and A Mat 106, or permission of instructor.

A Gog 498 GIS Management (3)
This course provides students with the fundamentals of GIS diffusion theory, organizational theory and management, GIS implementation, spatial date sharing and trends in national data structures. Lectures are complemented by case studies chosen by the student to test ideas discussed in class. Prerequisite(s): Geographic Information Systems; A Gog 496, 596, or A Pln 556.

A Gog 499A & B Senior Honors Thesis (3,3)
Preparation of an honors thesis under the direction of a member of the Department of Geography and Planning. The student must submit a formal proposal describing the project, and the final thesis must be approved by both the adviser and the Honor�s Committee. Prerequisite(s): admission to the honors program.

Planning Courses

A Pln 220M Introductory Urban Planning (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & SS
Introduces the basic concepts and techniques of urban planning and provides an overview of planning history. Covers land use, transportation, environment, urban design, economic development and social issues. Explores the connections between planning and politics, economic restructuring, social change, and competing ideologies of urban form.

A Pln 320 International Urban Planning (3)
Provides a general introduction to urban planning as it is practiced in various countries around the world, focusing on North America, Western Europe, and Asia. For each of the countries covered there will be a discussion of the changing context of urbanization and economic development within which contemporary urban planning has emerged. A Pln 320Z is the writing intensive version of A Pln 320; only one of the two courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): Either A Gog 220M or A Pln 220M or permission of instructor.

A Pln 320Z International Urban Planning (3)
Meets General Education: WI
A Pln 320Z is the writing intensive version of A Pln 320; only of the two courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing, or permission of instructor.

A Pln 425 Community Development and Neighborhood Planning (3)
Examines housing needs of households in urban areas. Assesses the relationship between housing and other major challenges to urban households (e.g. poverty, unemployment, infant mortality and neighborhood decline). Considers both traditional and more innovative strategies that seek to address housing needs. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 125M or A Pln 220M.

A Pln 426 Community Development and Neighborhood Planning Workshop (1�4)
Provides students an opportunity to obtain �real world� experience assisting a local community or neighborhood group. Students work under supervision on both team and individual projects which address specific needs of communities (e.g. housing, education, public safety, transportation, health) in the Capital District. Prerequisite(s): A Pln 425.

A Pln 430 Environmental Planning (3)
Explores the theory and practice of environmental planning and examines larger issues of human use, exploitation, and protection of the landscape. Draws from the practice of landscape architecture and community planning and outlines the principles of environmentally-based land-use planning. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing, or permission of instructor.

A Pln 432 Park and Greenway Planning (3)
Surveys the history of parks and greenways, and their role in urban and regional development and in resource management. Uses case studies from New York State�s city parks, urban cultural parks, greenways, state parks and the Adirondacks to present concepts and methods for planning, promoting and managing parks as part of our cultural and environmental heritage. Prerequisite(s): A Pln 220M.

A Pln 443 Transportation Planning (3)
Introduction to the urban transportation planning process emphasizing systems approach for solution of transport-related problems in urban areas. Covers methods for estimating aggregate travel demand, modal choice, transportation finance, and external impacts of transportation projects. Prerequisite(s): A Pln 220.

A Pln 451 Introductory Computer Aided Design (1)
Provides an introduction to Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD), enabling students to understand the basic principles of CADD and to use CADD software.

A Pln 452 (formerly A Pln 450) CADD in Planning (3)
Applies the concepts and theories underlying Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD) to site planning, urban design and land-use mapping, including 2D concept diagrams, site plan detail and 3D perspectives. Also reviews rendering, 4D applications, visualization, and CADD management.

A Pln 475 Urban Design and Site Planning (3)
Introduction to the theory, rationale and practice of urban design and site planning. Covers design and layout criteria, design regulation and review, and case studies of the urban design and site planning processes. Prerequisite(s): A Pln 220M or A Gog 220M, and junior or senior class standing.

A Pln 476 Urban Design and Site Planning Workshop (3)
Involves students in supervised team projects doing practical urban design and/or site planning work. Through investigation, fieldwork and discussion, student groups prepare proposals for the design and layout of a specific site or axis. Prerequisite(s): A Pln 475.

A Pln 485 Topics in Planning (3)
Selected topics in specific sub-fields of planning. Topics will be indicated in the course schedule and in departmental announcements. May be repeated once for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Pln 220M and junior or senior class standing.

A Pln 490A & B Planning Internship (3, 3)
Provides students with practical work experience in the general field of urban and regional planning. Internship placements are typically with federal, state, or local government agencies, consultancy firms, community development corporations, or private, voluntary or political action groups specializing in a specific sub-field relating to planning. Supervisor�s reference and final report required. Prerequisite(s): A Pln 220M, junior or senior class standing, and permission of instructor. S/U graded.

A Pln 497 Independent Study in Planning (2�4)
Provides an opportunity for students with a strong interest in a specific topic or sub-field in urban and regional planning to do directed reading, independent study or research with faculty supervision. May be repeated once, but not for more than a total of 6 credit hours. Prerequisite(s): A Pln 220M and junior or senior class standing.