Distinguished Professor

Edna Acosta-Belén, Ph.D. (Collins Fellow)
Columbia University

Professor Emeritae/i

Francine Frank, Ph.D. (Collins Fellow)
University of Illinois

Professors

Carlos Astiz, Ph.D.
Pennsylvania State University

Ray Bromley, Ph.D.
Cambridge University

Robert Carmack, Ph.D.
University of California, Los Angeles

Gary Gossen, Ph.D.
Harvard University

June Hahner, Ph.D.
Cornell University

Daniel Levy, Ph.D.
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Alvin Magid, Ph.D.
Michigan State University

Colbert I. Nepaulsingh, Ph.D.
University of Toronto

Carlos E. Santiago, Ph.D.
Cornell University

Associate Professors

Christine Bose, Ph.D. (Collins Fellow)
Johns Hopkins University

Liliana Goldin, Ph.D.
University at Albany

Max Lifchitz, M.M.
Harvard University

Emilio Pantojas-Garcia, Ph.D.
University of Liverpool

Azara Santiago-Rivera, Ph.D.
Wayne State University

James W. Wessman, Ph.D.
University of Connecticut

Assistant Professors

Jeanette Altarriba, Ph.D.
Vanderbilt University

Deborah Berman-Santana, Ph.D.
University of California, Berkeley

José Cruz, Ph.D.
City University of New York

Louise Burkhart, Ph.D.
Yale University

Jolyne Melmed-Sanjak, Ph.D.
University of Wisconsin Madison

Adjuncts (estimated): 3
Teaching Assistants (estimated): 5

The Department of Latin American and Caribbean Studies has a large cross-disciplinary faculty and is prepared to train undergraduates for research, service, and applied careers dealing with the U.S. Hispanic communities and with the vast Caribbean and Latin American regions.

Undergraduate Academic Major Offerings

The interdisciplinary major in Latin American studies has been designed to prepare students for professional and research careers; domestic service with federal and state governmental agencies; careers in the United States foreign service; careers with business and educational organizations, public and private foundations, and other private or public agencies engaged in developing, improving, and promoting trade and the social, political, and economic life of the peoples of Latin America; editing and journalism; and paramedical and paralegal careers.

This major requires interdisciplinary course work with Latin American content and competence in Spanish, Portuguese* or French. Opportunities for study abroad are also provided.

The interdisciplinary major in Puerto Rican studies has been designed to provide students with an opportunity for intensive interdisciplinary exploration of the Puerto Rican experience in the Caribbean and in the United States. In addition the program provides an integrated, broadly based knowledge of the islands of the Caribbean, the rest of Latin America, and the United States. Courses deal with many aspects of the life of Puerto Ricans: cultural, social, political, and economic processes; language; literature and the arts; and education. In addition, the program provides the opportunity for comparative study of other Hispanic groups in the United States.

Undergraduate students in the department are also provided with opportunities for community-oriented research, community service, and study abroad. Upon completion of the program requirements, students should possess a reading knowledge of Spanish, Portuguese* or French. Most students enrolled in Puerto Rican studies are also encouraged to have a second major in one of the traditional disciplines.

A minor sequence in Latin American studies is also currently offered by the department.

Courses focusing on Latin America are also offered in the Departments of Hispanic and Italian studies, History, Geography and Regional Planning, Anthropology, Sociology, African and Africana Studies, Philosophy, Economics, and Political Science.

* The language Portuguese may not be offered during 1998-99.

Degree Requirements for the Major in Latin American Studies

Introduction (3 cr.): A Lcs 100 or 100Z or 145.

Latin America and the Caribbean (3 cr.): A Lcs 102 or 269 or 360 or 405.

Latin America and Puerto Rico (3 cr.): A Lcs 150 or 150Z or 329 or 429.

Latin Americans in the United States (3 cr.): A Lcs 201 or 302.

Social Science Requirements (3 cr.): A Lcs 233 or 250 or 354/354Z or 357 or 361.

Humanities and Fine Arts Requirement (3 cr.): A Lcs 216L/216E or 230 or 268L or 312 or 315 or 316 or 317 or 318 or 319 or 320 or 326 or 327/327Z or 331 or 414 or 426.

Race, Gender and Ethnicity (3 cr.): A Lcs 240 or 282M or 383 or 451.

Interdisciplinary Research Seminar (3 cr.): A Lcs 400.

Electives with Latin American or Caribbean content as advised (9 cr.).

Reading proficiency in Spanish or Portuguese (* see above) (3 cr.). The department will handle administration of the proficiency examinations. The intent is for the student to acquire reading proficiency, and eventually, although not required in the program, speaking proficiency. The examination will consist of translations of selected passages in the appropriate language (Portuguese or Spanish).

Students can build proficiency through completion of the appropriate reading courses in Portuguese or Spanish. Students are also encouraged to use appropriate materials and media in the Interactive Media Center in the University Library and/or the Center for Language Learning and Research (C.E.L.L.A.R.) to build their reading skills. Students should contact the undergraduate program director, Department of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, for more details.

Degree Requirements for the Major in Puerto Rican Studies

Puerto Rico and the Caribbean (9 cr.): A Lcs 102, 269 and 405.

Puerto Rico and Latin America (3 cr.): A Lcs 100/100Z or 145 or 357 or 361.

Race, Gender and Ethnicity (3 cr.): A Lcs 201 or 240 or 282M or 302 or 383 or 451.

Interdisciplinary Research Seminar (3 cr.): A Lcs 400.

Reading proficiency in Spanish or French (3 cr.).

The department will handle administration of the proficiency examinations. The intent is for the student to acquire reading proficiency, and eventually, although not required in the program, speaking proficiency. The examination will consist of translations of selected passages in the appropriate language (French or Spanish).

Students can build proficiency through completion of the appropriate reading courses in French or Spanish. Students are also encouraged to use appropriate materials and media in the Interactive Media Center in the University Library and/or the Center for Language Learning and Research (C.E.L.L.A.R.) to build their reading skills. Students should contact the undergraduate program director, Department of Latin American and Caribbean Studies for more details.

Electives with Latin American or Caribbean content as advised (6 cr.).

Courses

A Lcs 100 Cultures of Latin America (3)
Meets General Education: CHP
Survey of the diverse pre-Columbian and New World cultures of Spanish and Portuguese America. Focus on the interactions of Indian, European, and Black cultural elements and on the complexities of what is known as Latin American culture. The study of the most distinctive elements of culture such as race, social systems and institutions, folklore and cultural expressions will take precedence over historical events. A Lcs 100Z is the writing intensive version of A Lcs 100; only one may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 100Z Cultures of Latin America (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & WI
A Lcs 100Z is the writing intensive version of A Lcs 100; only one may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 102 (same as A His 170) Introduction to Caribbean History (3)
Meets General Education: CHP
An introduction to the history of culture contact in the Caribbean from the pre-Columbian Arawaks and Caribs, through the infusion of European and African cultures, to the emergence of the leadership of the United States in 1898. Special emphasis on the social and economic development of the plantation system, the intercontinental trade system, slavery, and the struggle for abolition and self-determination. Only one of A Lcs 102 & A His 170 may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 115 (same as A Por 115) Portuguese and Brazilian Culture and Society (3)
Survey of culture and society in the Portuguese speaking world, including Brazil, Portugal, and Portuguese Africa. Includes the development of typical customs and institutions with special attention to folklore, music, painting, and architecture. Utilizes visual and recorded materials. Conducted in English. Only one of A Lcs 115 & A Por 115 may be taken for credit. May not be offered during 1998-99.

A Lcs 145 (same as A Ant 145 and A His 145) Continuity and Change in Latin America (3)
Introduction to the historical development of Latin America's diverse cultural heritage and to its contemporary institutions and civilization. Broadly interdisciplinary perspective reflecting diverse approaches and fields. Only one of A Lcs 145, A Ant 145, & A His 145 may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 150 (same as A Ant 146) Puerto Rico: People, History and Culture (3)
Meets General Education: CHP
Survey of Puerto Rican culture on the island from the pre- Hispanic era to the 20th century. Special emphasis on the change of sovereignty in 1898, the national question, class and culture, and migration. A Lcs 150Z & A Ant 146Z are writing intensive versions of A Lcs 150 & A Ant 146; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 150Z (same as A Ant 146Z) Puerto Rico: People, History and Culture (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & WI
A Lcs 150Z & A Ant 146Z are writing intensive versions of A Lcs 150 & A Ant 146; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 201 Hispanic Cultures in the United States (3)
Meets General Education: HD
Intensive examination of Hispanic American society. Major Hispanic groups (e.g., Puerto Ricans, Mexican-Americans, Cubans) will be studied with emphasis on interaction between these groups and mainstream society, culture and value change in contact situations, and efforts to deal with prejudice and discrimination.

A Lcs 201Z Hispanic Cultures in the United States (3)
Meets General Education: HD & WI
A Lcs 201Z is the writing intensive version of A Lcs 201; only one may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 216L (same as A Mus 216L) Music and Society in Latin America: Past and Present (3)
Meets General Education: CHP, HA & HD
This course will deal with two basic issues: the evolution of musical thought throughout Latin America from pre-Hispanic times to the present, and the relationship between musical manifestations and the prevailing social order in which those activities took place. A Lcs 216E & A Mus 216E are the writing intensive versions of A Lcs 216L and A Mus 216L; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 216E (same as A Mus 216E) Music and Society in Latin America: Past and Present (4)
Meets General Education: CHP, HA, HD & WI
A Lcs 216E & A Mus 216E are the writing intensive versions of A Lcs 216L and A Mus 216L; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 230 (same as A Arh 230) Introduction to Latin American Colonial Art (3)
Survey of the major works in painting, sculpture, and architecture in the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking New World from the 16th through the 19th century. Focus on the arts as social history and expressions of ideology, religious cults, and ethnic and cultural dialects, as well as in terms of aesthetics, styles, and techniques. Special emphasis on the Caribbean, Brazil, Mexico and the Spanish-Mexican Southwest, and on the native Indian contribution to the arts. Only one of A Lcs 230 & A Arh 230 may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 233 (same as A Ant 233) Aztecs, Incas and Mayas (3)
Meets General Education: CHP
Introductory survey of the archaeology and ethnohistory of the three best-known indigenous civilizations of the New World. Each is presented in terms of prehistoric background and evolution, social organization, politics and economics, religion and art. Consideration is given to the Spanish conquest of these groups and to their modern legacies. Only one of A Lcs 233 & A Ant 233 may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 240 (same as A Wss 240 & A Aas 240) Classism, Racism, and Sexism: Issues (3)
Meets General Education: HD
Analyzes the connections between and among classism, racism, and sexism, their mutually reinforcing nature, and the tensions arising from their interrelations. Particular attention is given to the ideological and personal aspects of these phenomena, as well as to institutional guises in American society. Only one of A Lcs 240, A Wss 240, & A Aas 240 may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 250 (same as A Gog 250) Geography of Latin America (3)
Meets General Education: CHP
An introduction to the geographical diversity of Latin America, reviewing the Continent's physical features, natural resources, societies, economies and politics, and relating them to its history and cultural traditions. Particular attention will be given to rural and urban living conditions, social and regional inequalities, population distribution, internal and international migration, and socioeconomic development issues. A Lcs 250Z & A Gog 250Z are writing intensive versions of A Lcs 250 & A Gog 250; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 250Z (same as A Gog 250Z) Geography of Latin America (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & WI
A Lcs 250Z & A Gog 250Z are writing intensive versions of A Lcs 250 & A Gog 250; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 268L (same as A Ant 268L) Ethnology of Pre-Columbian Art (3)
Meets General Education: HA
Survey of pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican arts and architecture for the reconstruction of pre-Columbian culture, history, religion, symbolism, and ritual. Stresses interrelationships of New World cultures, art styles, and world view. and on ethnological techniques for iconographic interpretations. Only one of A Lcs 268L & A Ant 268L may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 269 (same as A Aas 269 and Ant 269; formerly A Aas 301, A Lcs 301, A Ant 346) The Caribbean: Peoples, History, and Culture (3)
Meets General Education: CHP
Peoples, history and cultures of the 20th century Caribbean, with special emphasis on responses to colonialism and nationalism. Only one of A Lcs 269, A Aas 269, & A Ant 269 may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 282M (same as A Soc 282M) Race & Ethnicity (3)
Meets General Education: HD & SS
Study of religion, race, and nationality conflicts in American society. Reactions of minority to majority; changing patterns of minority relationships; efforts to deal with prejudice and discrimination. Only one of A Lcs 282M & A Soc 282M may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Soc 115M.

A Lcs 289 (same as A Soc 289) Special Topics in Ethnicity (1-3)
Intensive examination of the culture and lifestyle of a single ethnic group within American society. The specific ethnic group varies from term to term and is indicated by course subtitle: e.g., Ethnicity; Italian Americans. A Lcs 289 and A Soc 289 can be repeated, but the total credits earned may not exceed 6 credits under different subtitles. Departmental permission required for more than 6 credits. Prerequisite(s): A Soc 115M.

A Lcs 302 (same as A Spn 322) Las Culturas Latinas en los Estados Unidos (3)
Meets General Education: HD
Intensive examination of Hispanic American society. Major Hispanic groups (e.g. Puerto Ricans, Mexican-Americans, Cubans) will be studied with emphasis on interaction between these groups and mainstream society, culture and value change in contact situations, and efforts to deal with prejudice and discrimination. To be conducted in Spanish. Only one of A Lcs 201, 302, & A Spn 322 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L or 301 or placement.

A Lcs 312 (same as A Por 312) Introduction to Brazilian Literature (3)
Survey of Brazilian literature from the colonial period to the present. Selected readings, discussions, and reports on collateral study. Only one of A Lcs 312 & A Por 312 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Por 207 or permission of instructor. May not be offered during 1998-99.

A Lcs 314 (same as A Spn 318) Topics in Hispanic Film (3)
A study of Hispanic film as a medium that offers a unique amalgam of diverse musical, pictorial, and literary art forms within a sociopolitical context. The course will focus on such specific topics as peasant movements, human rights, images of women, race, and ethnicity. Only one of A Lcs 314 and A Spn 318 may be taken for credit in any semester. Either may be repeated once for credit, with a change in topic. Consult current schedule of classes for topic. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 315L (formerly A Lcs 315) Latin America through Film (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & HA
Study of culture and society in Latin America as revealed through film. Emphasis on the use of film, especially in the "new cinema" movements, as an instrument for social and political change. History and current trends of cinema in selected countries. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 100 or 100Z or 145, or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 316 (same as A Spn 316) Representative Spanish-American Authors (3)
Survey of literary movements in Spanish America from independence to World War II. Only one of A Lcs 316 & A Spn 316 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L.

A Lcs 317 (same as A Spn 317) Latin American Civilization (3)
Meets General Education: CHP
Study of Spanish-American cultures and institutions from the beginnings of the 20th century. Only one of A Lcs 317 & A Spn 317 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 207.

A Lcs 318 (same as A Por 318) Introduction to Brazilian Cinema (3)
Survey of Brazilian cinema, with emphasis on the social and cultural dimensions of selected major films, including some which represent the "new cinema" movement. Course includes viewing, discussions, readings, and written work. Only one of A Lcs 318 & A Por 318 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing, or permission of instructor. May not be offered during 1998-99.

A Lcs 319 (same as A Spn 320) Twentieth-Century Spanish American Literature (3)
A study of selected works of Spanish American literature from World War II to the present. Works studied will deal with topics of special interest such as the continuing debate with regard to civilization and barbarism, dictatorship and revolution, social justice, and the search for identity. Only one of A Lcs 319 & A Spn 320 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L.

A Lcs 321M (same as A Eas 321M and A Gog 321M) Exploring the Multicultural City (3)
Meets General Education: CHP & SS
This course will explore the human dimensions and implications of ethnic diversity in the United States, focusing on New York City. The course utilizes a variety of methods to introduce students to the multicultural city, beginning in the classroom but ending with field work in a specific New York neighborhood. A Lcs 321M is equivalent in content to A Eas 321M and A Gog 321M; only one of the three courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 102M or 102G; or A Gog 120Z, or 125M; A Gog 160M or 160G; or A Gog 220M; or A Gog 240.

A Lcs 326 (same as A Spn 326) Spanish-American Poetry and Theatre (3)
Representative Spanish-American plays and selected works in Spanish-American poetry, with emphasis on specific characteristics of the genres. Only one of A Lcs 326 & A Spn 326 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L.

A Lcs 327 (formerly A Lcs 275L) Four Caribbean Writers (3-4)
An introduction to the literature of the Caribbean and to the methods of literary analysis. Writers will be grouped around an essential, universal theme: for example, Claude McKay, Vidia Naipaul, Derek Walcott and Jamaica Kincaid around the theme of homelessness.

A Lcs 327Z Four Caribbean Writers (4)
Meets General Education: WI
A Lcs 327Z is the writing intensive version of A Lcs 327. Only one may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 329 Special Topics in Puerto Rican Studies (3)
Intensive interdisciplinary examination of a specific aspect on contemporary Puerto Rican Studies. The topic varies from term to term and is indicated every term by the subtitle: e.g. Nineteenth century Agrarian Society or the Political Status Debate or the Migrant Experience. May be repeated for up to 6 credits under different subtitles. Departmental permission required for more than 6 credits. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 150. 150Z or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 341M (same as A Ant 341M) Ethnology of Mesoamerica (3)
Meets General Education: SS
Survey of the cultures and history of the native peoples of Mexico and Central America. Beginning with the documents created by and about the native peoples around the time of the Spanish invasion, the course follows the experiences of these societies through the colonial period and up to the present. A Ant 341G & A Lcs 341G are the writing intensive versions of A Ant 341M & A Lcs 341M; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Ant 100 or 200M or 200G. Offered spring semester.

A Lcs 341G (same as A Ant 341G) Ethnology of Mesoamerica (3)
Meets General Education: SS & WI
A Ant 341G & A Lcs 341G are the writing intensive versions of A Ant 341M & A Lcs 341M; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Ant 100 or 200M or 200G. Offered spring semester.

A Lcs 348 (same as A Soc 348) Social Change in Latin America (3)
Changing class structure, ethnic composition and culture of contemporary Latin American nations. Only one of A Lcs 348 & A Soc 348 may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 354 (same as A Gog 354) Caribbean Environment & Development (3)
Survey and analysis of problems of development and the environment in the Caribbean. Topics covered include the relationship of the region's colonial legacy to present-day underdeveloped and ecological degradation; environmental consequences of various strategies of development; prospects for alternatives such as sustainable development and regional integration. A Lcs 354Z and A Gog 354Z are the writing intensive versions of A Lcs 354 and A Gog 354; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 101N, or A Gog 102M or 102G, A Gog 250 or A Lcs 250, or A Lcs 102, or A Lcs 269, or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 354Z (same as A Gog 354Z) Caribbean Environment & Development (3)
Meets General Education: WI
Survey and analysis of problems of development and the environment in the Caribbean. Topics covered include the relationship of the region's colonial legacy to present-day underdeveloped and ecological degradation; environmental consequences of various strategies of development; prospects for alternatives such as sustainable development and regional integration. A Lcs 354Z and A Gog 354Z are the writing intensive versions of A Lcs 354 and A Gog 354; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 101N, or A Gog 102M or 102G, or A Gog 250 or A Lcs 250, or A Lcs 102, or A Lcs 269, or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 357 (same as A Pos 357) Latin American Politics (3)
Study of the domestic political institutions, the forces which shape the quest for power, and the processes by which public policies are determined in Latin America. Only one of A Lcs 357 & A Pos 357 may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 360 Political Economy of the Caribbean (3)
An intensive evaluation of political and economic forces as they have shaped the Caribbean region during the 20th century. particularly the period since World War II. Special attention given to social conflicts and political movements, population growth and migration, urbanization, problems of industry and agriculture, economic planning, education, and superpower confrontations. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 269.

A Lcs 361 (same as A Eco 361) Development of the Latin American Economy (3)
Economic change in Latin American societies. Comparative study of the growth of various Latin American countries emphasizing the variables associated with development: population, technology, capital formation, output, resources, and income distribution. Only one of A Lcs 361 & A Eco 361 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Eco 110M and 111M.

A Lcs 369 (same as A His 369) Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies since 1810 (3)
The circum-Caribbean lands and islands in the 19th and 20th centuries; independence; independent nations and colonies; foreign intrusions and interventions; social and economic change; revolutions; comparative Caribbean studies. Only one of A Lcs 369 & A His 369 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing, or 3 credits in history.

A Lcs 371 (same as A His 371) South America since 1810 (3)
The political, economic, social. and cultural evolution of the South American nations from the winning of independence to the present. with emphasis on Argentina. Brazil, and Chile. Among topics studied will be dictatorship, democratic government, economic change, modern revolution, and social trends. Only one of A Lcs 371 & A His 371 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing. or 3 credits in history.

A Lcs 383 (same as A Psy 383) The Social Psychology of Ethnic Relations (3)
Meets General Education: HD
An exploration and analysis of the social psychological processes underlying interethnic and intercultural contact. Topics include social identity, stereotyping, and prejudice; the effects of group membership on behavior and attitudes; and the role of language and cultural differences. Will draw on both theoretical and empirical literature in intergroup behavior. Only one of A Lcs 383 & A Psy 383 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): an introductory course in psychology, sociology, or anthropology; or A Lcs 240 or 282M.

A Lcs 400 Interdisciplinary Research Seminar in Latin American and Caribbean Studies (3)
An interdisciplinary approach to research in area studies on Latin American and the Caribbean. Special emphasis will be placed on research methods in the Social Sciences and the Humanities and how these methods have been applied by leading Latin American scholars. Central themes will be selected and the approaches and conclusions of different disciplines will be compared and contrasted.

A Lcs 403 Special Topics in Latin American Studies (2-3)
The specific topic will be selected by the instructor and will vary from semester to semester as indicated by course subtitle. May be repeated for up to 6 credits under different subtitles. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 400 or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 405 Special Topics in Caribbean Studies (3)
An intensive examination of social, economic, political, and cultural issues which affect contemporary Caribbean life and society. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 400 or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 406 Leaders and Societies of the English-Speaking Islands (3)
An examination of the emergence from an island society of leaders capable of confronting the British legacy of post- colonial island nations. Designed to sharpen research and writing skills. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 100, 102 or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 407 Three Island Revolutions (3)
An in-depth analysis of the revolutions of Haiti (1791), Cuba (1959), and Grenada (1979). Designed to sharpen research and writing skills. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 100, 102 or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 414 (same as A Spn 414) Literature of the Hispanic Caribbean (3)
Study of selected major writers of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico of the 19th and 20th centuries. Special consideration of literature as a reflection of situations and problems peculiar to the Hispanic Caribbean. Conducted in Spanish. Only one of A Lcs 414 & A Spn 414 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L.

A Lcs 450 Legislative Internship (3-6)
Internships involving off-campus participation in the NYS Legislature, with collateral academic study. Contingent on the approval of a faculty member of the Department of Latin American and Caribbean Studies willing to supervise the study and evaluate on-site reports of the student's progress. Students must apply two weeks prior to the start of the academic term, and are subject to an interview and selection process. Prerequisite(s): open only to juniors and seniors of any major with a minimum GPA of 2.5. Bilingual and multicultural skills will prove particularly useful since students will be working with legislative members of the NYS Assembly Puerto Rican/Hispanic Task Force.

A Lcs 451 (same as A Wss 451) Gender & Class in Latin American Development (3)
The study of the interplay of cultural, ideological, and structural factors affecting women's lives during the course of Latin America's growing industrialization, from the perspective of gender and class analysis. The topics covered are: household work, paid work, migration, growth of female headed households, and women's political participation. Only one of A Lcs 451 and A Wss 451 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): any course in Latin American Studies and/or Women's Studies.

A Lcs 475 Caribbean Migration (3)
The focus of the course is post-World War II migration between the Caribbean and the United States-in particular migration from Cuba, the West Indies, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. The material is interdisciplinary in nature, though highlighting approaches from the fields of economics, sociology, political science, and history. The major topics include (1) Migration theory; (2) U.S. migration policy-its impact on receiving and sending populations; (3) a socio-historical background to post- war Caribbean Migration; and (4) specific migrations from Cuba, the West Indies, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. Shared resources with A Lcs 575. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing; or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 491 (same as A Ant 481) Research Projects (3-6)
Introduction to basic research skills required to answer questions on human behavior, with special emphasis on cross- cultural interaction. Specific research projects provide students with the basic research methods, including data collection, processing, and analysis. Only one of A Lcs 491 & A Ant 481 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 497 Independent Study (3-6)
Independent study in an area of special interest to the student under the supervision of the sponsoring faculty member. May be repeated for up to 6 credits. Prerequisite(s): permission of instructor and department chair.