Teaching, government service, translating, editing, interpreting, librarianship, international business and computer-related technologies are some of the traditional areas in which jobs are available to French majors. Any field of work that requires a broad liberal education, linguistic skill and a knowledge of French-speaking cultures will offer job opportunities for majors.

Special Programs and Opportunities

Various programs of study in France and Quebec for a year, a semester, or a summer are available. For more detailed information, contact the Office of International Programs.

The program sponsors a "Face to Face" series which brings to campus an important figure in contemporary French thought, letters, film or art.

Certain courses prepare students for the Diplôme supérieur de français des affaires conferred by the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de Paris. Opportunities to use French and to exchange ideas outside of class are provided through Le cercle français, lecture and film series, and other activities.

Language Placement
How do I know what level French is for me?

Students wishing to enroll in French for the first time at the University at Albany must follow the following guidelines in selecting the appropriate level:

A Fre 101L Students who have no previous experience with French or whose experience is the equivalent of less than one year of high school level French;

A Fre 102L Students who have completed one year of high school level French or its equivalent;

A Fre 221L Students who have completed two years of high school level French or its equivalent;

A Fre 222L Students who have completed three years of high school level French or its equivalent. These students should see the Undergraduate Adviser to discuss the possibility of majoring or minoring in French;

A Fre 240 Students who have completed four years of high school level French or its equivalent. These students should see the Undergraduate Adviser to discuss the possibility of majoring or minoring in French.

Exceptions:

1. Students may elect to enroll one level higher or lower than the level suggested by the above guidelines. Factors which could be taken into consideration in making this decision are: the length of time which has elapsed since last formal study of French; additional travel or home experience with the language; quality of previous program of study; grades earned (overall performance) in previous study. Note, however, that the Language Placement rules of the Undergraduate Bulletin state that A Fre 101L may not be taken for credit by students who have taken three years of high school French or passed the Regents examination within the last five years.

2. Students who wish to be placed more than one level higher or lower than the placement suggested by these guidelines must have written permission from the Coordinator of the Language Sequence.

3. Students who have completed A Fre 200L or A Fre 221L through the University in High School Program should enroll in A Fre 222L; students who have completed A Fre 210L or A Fre 222L should enroll in A Fre 240. 4) Students who have received Advanced Placement (AP) credit should see the Undergraduate Adviser to discuss their program of study.

4. Students whose experience with French has not been primarily through organized study in an American high school setting should consult with the Coordinator of the Language Sequence or the Undergraduate Adviser for help in selecting an appropriate class.

Students are strongly encouraged to see the Coordinator of the Language Sequence if they feel they are in the wrong class or if they have any questions about placement. Decisions to change courses should be made no later than the fourth week of classes.

General Program B.A.: a minimum of 36 credits above A Fre 222L. These include: 21 credits of core courses (A Fre 240, 241L or 241E, 306, 340Z, 355, 360, 440Z); 15 credits of elective courses at the 300 level and/or 400 level, including at least 6 credits at the 400 level.

A Fre 306, 355, and at least two 400-level courses must be taken in residence at the Albany campus. Credits earned through study abroad programs will not fulfill this requirement.

Teacher Education Program B.A.: a minimum of 36 credits above A Fre 222L. In addition to the 21 credits of core courses described for the major previously, students must complete A Lin 220M, 12 credits of elective courses at the 300 and/or 400 level, including at least two courses at the 400 level.

Students interested in a career in secondary school teaching must apply for and be admitted to the Teacher Education Program administered by the Department of Educational Theory and Practice before they can be officially enrolled in this major in the teacher education program. Qualified students may apply after one year of undergraduate study at the University (successful completion of a minimum of 24 graduation credits) or by transfer from a two- or four- year college. Application must be made no later than the first semester of the junior year if you are to be guaranteed a student teaching placement in the senior year. Admission requirements are described in this bulletin under the section headed "Department of Educational Theory and Practice." Students admitted to the program must complete the teacher education professional requirements described in this bulletin under "Undergraduate Professional Requirements" within the section headed "Department of Educational Theory and Practice." They must also complete those courses within the major and related fields that are listed in this section.

Honors Program in French

The honors program in French is designed to promote opportunities for advanced work to highly motivated, mature undergraduate majors and prepare them to do independent work.

Students may apply for admission to the Honors Program after the beginning of the second semester of their sophomore year. To gain admission to the program students must have formally declared a major in French and have completed at least 12 credits toward their major, including A Fre 241 and 355. In addition, they must have an overall GPA of at least 3.25, and 3.50 in their major, both of which must be maintained in order to graduate with honors.

Students must complete a minimum of:

1. 12 credits of courses in the major above A Fre 241 and 355,

2. a 3-credit independent study course (A Fre 397), and

3. a 6-credit major project or series of projects, to be completed during the junior and senior year. Prior to beginning the project, the student must have written approval from the Academic Committee of French Studies. The project will be evaluated not later than the third quarter of the senior year and submitted in final form by the end of the fourth quarter.

Combined B.A./M.A. Program

The combined B.A./M.A. program in French provides an opportunity for students of recognized academic ability and educational maturity to fulfill integrated requirements of the undergraduate and master's degree programs from the beginning of their junior year. A carefully designed program can permit a student to earn the B.A. and M.A. degrees within nine semesters.

The combined program requires a minimum of 138 credits, of which at least 30 must be graduate credits. In qualifying for the B.A., students must meet all University and college requirements, including the requirements for the major listed previously, the minor requirement, general education requirements, the minimum 90-credit liberal arts and sciences requirement and residency requirements. In qualifying for the M.A., students must meet all University and college requirements as outlined in the Graduate Bulletin, including completion of a minimum of 30 graduate credits, and any other conditions such as a research seminar, thesis, comprehensive examination, professional experience and residency requirements. Up to 12 graduate credits may be applied simultaneously to both the B.A. and M.A. programs.

Students are considered as undergraduates until completion of 120 graduation credits and satisfactory completion of all B.A. requirements. Upon meeting B.A. requirements, students are automatically considered as graduate students.

Students may apply for admission to the combined degree program in French at the beginning of their junior year or after the successful completion of 56 credits, but no later than the accumulation of 100 credits. A cumulative grade point average of 3.20 or higher and three supportive letters of recommendation from faculty are required for consideration. In exceptional cases, students with more than 100 undergraduate credits may apply to the program for exemption from the 100-credit rule.

Combined B.A. in French/M.B.A. in Five Years

Freshmen at the University at Albany who have taken four years of French in high school (or A Fre 222I or 222L through the University in the High School Program) have the unique opportunity to combine a BA in French and a MBA and to receive two degrees in five years. Students formally apply for admission into the MBA at the end of their sophomore year. The junior year is normally spent studying in France. By the end of their junior year, students have completed requirements for the French major. Completion of requirements for the MBA takes place during the fifth year.

In order to complete all requirements for this program in five years, students should plan to enter the program at the beginning of their freshman year and take all courses as scheduled on the BA in the French/MBA program chart (available from the department). They should consult with their undergraduate adviser before registering for courses.

Courses In French

A Fre 101L Beginning French I (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
Begins a multi-media, communicative approach to the study and practice of the French language and to the development of cultural understanding of the French people. Involves frequent lab work. May not be taken for credit by students who have completed 3 years of high school French. Prerequisite(s): for beginners, none; for students with previous knowledge of French, placement.

A Fre 102L Beginning French II (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
Continuation of A Fre 101L. Continues communicative approach to the development of verbal skills and provides more extensive exposure to written French and to French. Involves frequent lab work. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 101L or placement.

A Fre 106 Tutorial in Phonetics (1)
Practice in sound discrimination and production Lab work and individualized private sessions May only be taken in conjunction with A Fre 101L (2nd quarter only), 102L, 221L, 222L and 240. S/U graded.

A Fre 221I Intermediate French I (4)
= A Fre 221L (see below)
General Education: CHP & HA
Prerequisite(s): A Fre 102L or placement.

A Fre 221L Intermediate French I (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
Continuation of A Fre 102L. Provides opportunities for review and expansion of main features of spoken and written French and for further study of French culture. Involves frequent lab work. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 102L or placement.

A Fre 222I Intermediate French II (3)
= A Fre 222L (see below)
General Education: CHP & HA
Prerequisite(s): A Fre 221L or equivalent.

A Fre 222L Intermediate French II (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
Continuation of A Fre 221L. Completes the basic sequence of study of the essential features of spoken and written French and of French culture. Involves frequent lab work. Prerequisite(s): Grade of C or higher in A Fre 221L or placement.

Core Courses for the Major

A Fre 240 Advanced French I (3)
Begins advanced course work in the French language. Builds on elementary sequence communicative approach, increasing emphasis on writing skill. Prerequisite(s): Grade of C or higher in A Fre 222L or placement.

A Fre 241L Introduction to French Studies (3)
General Education: HA
Introduction to the concepts and techniques needed for analyzing French cultural phenomena. Focuses initially on written texts (literary and nonliterary,) then on other cultural documents (e.g., mass media and the arts). Designed to give students tools for more advanced courses in French. A Fre 241E is the writing intensive version of A Fre 241L; only one of the two courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): Grade of C or higher in A Fre 240, or permission of the undergraduate adviser.

A Fre 241E Introduction to French Studies (3)
General Education: HA & WI
A Fre 241E is the writing intensive version of A Fre 241L; only one of the two courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): Grade of C or higher in A Fre 240, or permission of the undergraduate adviser.

A Fre 306 Applied Phonetics (3)
Practical introduction to the phonology of standard French; contrastive analysis of French and English sound systems; analysis of sound production; phonetic transcription of spoken French; corrective pronunciation; practice in conversational speech. Extensive use is made of the language laboratory. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 222L.

A Fre 340Z Advanced French II (3)
General Education: WI
Continues advanced course work in French language, focusing on the complex sentence: its grammatical structures and their various functions. Sentence analysis and intensive writing practice. Prerequisite(s): Grade of C or higher in A Fre 240 or placement.

A Fre 355 Contemporary French Society and Culture (3)
Analysis and comparison of French and American value orientations, family structures, educational, political, economic and cultural institutions. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L or 241E.

A Fre 360 Evolution of French Literature and Civilization (3)
France as a sociocultural entity from the Middle Ages to the present. A chronological survey of important literary, cultural and social aspects of French civilization and their interrelationships. Designed to provide students with a historical and conceptual framework for more advanced courses in French studies. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L.

A Fre 440Z Composition and Style (3)
General Education: WI
Development of writing skills through stylistic analysis of French literary and nonliterary texts. Intensive practice in guided and free composition. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L or 241E and 340Z.

Electives at the 300 Level

A Fre 315 Introduction to French Cinema (3)
General Education: CHP
An introduction with detailed analyses to a dozen of the most well known French classic films as contributions to the art of cinema and as reflections of French society at various historical moments. Only one of A Fre 238 and A Fre 315 can be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L or 241E, or A Fre 415.

A Fre 350 Conversation and Writing (3)
Discussions on contemporary French topics. Short compositions in preparation for oral practice. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 240 or equivalent.

A Fre 361 French Literature: Reading and Analysis (3)
Surveys the principal trends, authors and genres from La chanson de Roland to Classicism. Major works and selections will be studied in the context of the social and cultural structures of the period. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L.

A Fre 365 Contemporary French Press (3)
Examines the press through the analysis and discussion of newspapers, magazines and their ideologies. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L.

A Fre 397 Independent Study in French (1-4)
Study in an area of special interest not treated in courses currently offered. Topic must be approved by the program director and directed by a member of the faculty. May be repeated once with approval. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L.

Electives at the 400 Level

A Fre 405 Research in French Society and Culture (3)
Aspects of French culture of the `90s: French society, politics, economy, education, religion, mass media, the arts. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L or 241E and 340Z.

A Fre 406 French Linguistics: Morphology and Syntax (3)
Survey of the structure of the French language in light of current linguistic theory. Prerequisite(s): A Lin 220M or permission of instructor.

A Fre 415 French Cinema and Society (3)
Analysis of selected commercial feature films by major contemporary French directors. Emphasis will be placed on the consideration of each film as a social and cultural document. Only one of A Fre 338 & A Fre 415 can be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L or 241E and 340Z.

A Fre 430 Translation (3)
This course will deal with both the theoretical and practical aspects of translation, with regular exercises in the translation (from French to English and from English to French) of a wide variety of texts (literary, scientific, journalistic, economic, poetic, etc.) Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L or 241E and 340.

A Fre 450 French Speech Styles (3)
Training in the diversity of Francophone speech styles used by various individuals, groups, institutions, and media of diverse social or geographical origins. Grammatical and lexical analysis of these styles, their cultural implications and social contexts. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L or 241E and 340Z or participation in an overseas program.

A Fre 455 Life and Letters (3)
Exploration of the historical, cultural and literary aspects of a particular period or movement. May be repeated once for credit when the content changes. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L or 241E and 340Z or permission of the instructor.

A Fre 462 The Novel (3)
Study of the techniques, forms and themes of the genre as seen through representative works. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L or 241E and 340Z.

A Fre 463 Poetry (3)
Study of the techniques. forms and themes of the genre as seen through representative works. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L or 241E and 340Z.

A Fre 464 Theatre (3)
Study of the techniques, forms and themes of the genre as seen through representative works. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L or 241E and 340Z.

A Fre 470 Business French (3)
Advanced mastery of the linguistic and cultural tools required to communicate in a French-speaking economic environment: vocabulary, correspondence, business operations and socioeconomics in France; the economy of France. This course provides an intensive preparation of the Diplôme Supérieur de Français des Affaires conferred by the Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie de Paris. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L or 241E and 340Z.

A Fre 481 Francophone Cultures: The New World and the Third World (3)
An exploration of non-European cultures where French is used as medium of expression. Study of literature, other texts and film in French from North America, the Caribbean and West Africa. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L or 241E and 340Z. Only one of A Fre 281 & 481 may be taken for credit.

A Fre 498 Face-to-Face (3)
Seminar devoted to the works of a visiting major figure in contemporary French thought, letters, film or art. Taught by a regular faculty member in cooperation with the visiting author or artist. May be repeated for credit with permission of program director. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L or 241E and 340Z or permission of the program director.

A Fre 499 Undergraduate Seminar (3)
Intensive study of an author, topic or literary theme not treated in regularly offered undergraduate courses. May be repeated for credit when content differs. Prerequisite(s): A Fre 241L or 241E and A Fre 340Z.

Courses in English

A Fre 201 Perspectives on the French World (1-3)
Intensive study of a particular work or works, limited theme or topic, genre, or contemporary issue. May be repeated once for credit when content differs. May not be used to fulfill the requirements of the major in French.

A Fre 202 French Literature (3)
Reading and discussion of selected works of French literature in translation. Taught in English. May be repeated once for credit when content differs. May not be used to fulfill the requirements of the major in French.

A Fre 208 New World Cultural Diversity (3)
General Education: HD
An investigation of New World cultures where French impact has been considerable: Haiti and Quebec. Study of literature and films, art and music as a way of understanding the values and visions of the society under study. Course emphasis will vary between Haiti and Quebec.

A Fre 218 French Society and Culture (3)
General Education: CHP
Analysis and comparison of French and American value orientations, family structures, educational, political, economic and cultural institutions. Taught in English. May not be used to fulfill the requirements of the major in French.

A Fre 238 Great Classics of French Cinema (3)
General Education: CHP
An introduction with detailed analyses to a dozen of the most well known French classic films as contributions to the art of cinema and as reflections of French society at various historical moments. Taught in English. May not be used to fulfill the requirements of the major in French. Only one of A Fre 238 and A Fre 315 can be taken for credit.

A Fre 281 Francophone Cultures: The New World and the Third World (3)
General Education: HD
An exploration of non-European cultures where French is used as medium of expression. Study of literature, other texts and film in French from North America, the Caribbean and West Africa. May not be used to fulfill the requirements of the major in French. Only one of A Fre 281 & 481 may be taken for credit.

A Fre 338 French Cinema and Society (3)
Analysis of selected feature films of major contemporary French directors. Emphasis on each film as a social and cultural document. Taught in English. May not be used to fulfill the requirements of the major in French. Only one of A Fre 338 & A Fre 415 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing, or permission of instructor.

A Fre 398 Face-to-Face (3)
Seminar devoted to the works of a visiting major figure in contemporary French thought, letters, film or art. Taught by a regular faculty member in cooperation with the visiting author or artist. Taught in English. May be repeated for credit with permission of the program chair. May not be used to fulfill the requirements of the major in French. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing, or permission of the instructor.

Combining Italian with another foreign language taught in schools, such as Spanish, French or English, at the undergraduate or graduate level would provide students with strong credentials for teaching positions. Opportunities for occupations requiring Italian or bilingual background would also be enhanced. Graduates usually teach Italian or are involved with bilingual education. Others work for airlines that fly to Italy and with American companies doing business there.

Occupational areas in which Spanish majors have been employed are teaching, public relations, state and federal service, foreign service of the U.S., the airlines, travel agencies, and in businesses dealing with Spanish-speaking countries.

Special Programs or Opportunities

The Hispanic and Italian Studies program also participates in interdisciplinary studies in conjunction with programs in Latin American studies, linguistics, the School of Education, and the Departments of Art, Classics, History and Music.

A year abroad program was initiated at the International Institute in Madrid, Spain in 1970. Study abroad programs also are available in Campinas, Brazil; Medellin, Colombia; Costa Rica; and Cuernavaca, Mexico. For more information, see Office of International Programs. Use of the foreign language and the exchange of ideas are fostered through language clubs, colloquia, lectures and other activities in the program.

General Program B.A.: A minimum of 34 credits including A Ita 103L, 104L, 206, 207, 223L, 301Z, 311, 312 and nine additional credits at or above the 300 level, six of which must be at the 400 level.

Teacher Education Program B.A.: A minimum of 34 credits including A Ita 103L, 104L, 206, 207, 223L, 301Z, 311, 312, 315 and six additional credits at the 300 level or above, including one literature course at or above the 400 level.

Students interested in a career in secondary school teaching must apply for and be admitted to the Teacher Education Program administered by the Department of Educational Theory Education before they can be officially enrolled in this major in the teacher education program. Qualified students may apply after satisfactorily completing one year of undergraduate study and a minimum of 24 graduation credits. Admission requirements are described in this bulletin under the section headed "Department of Educational Theory and Practice." Students admitted to the program must complete the teacher education professional requirements described in this bulletin under "Undergraduate Professional Requirements" within the section headed "Department of Educational Theory and Practice." They must also complete those courses within the major and related fields that are listed in this section.

A Lin 220M may be taken as part of the major sequence in both the general and teacher education programs.

Honors Program in Italian

The honors program in Italian is designed to promote opportunities for advanced work to highly motivated, mature undergraduate majors and prepare them to do independent work.

Students may apply for admission to the Honors Program after the beginning of the second semester of their sophomore year. To gain admission to the program students must have formally declared a major in Italian and have completed at least 12 credits toward their major. In addition, they must have an overall GPA of at least 3.25, and 3.50 in their major, both of which must be maintained in order to graduate with honors.

Students must complete a minimum of 41 credits, including a 4 credit Honors Thesis (A Ita 499), as well as 34 credits normally required for the major, and a 400-level literature course in addition to those required for the major. Specific requirements are as follows: Italian core: (22 credits) A Ita 103L, 104L, 206, 207, 301Z, 311, and 421.

Fifteen additional credits must be at the 300 level or above, including 6 credits of literature courses at or above the 400 level. In addition, the student must write a thesis based on Italian literature or culture.

General Program General B.A.: A student wishing to major in Spanish may choose one of three sequences offered by the program. All students must take a minimum of 36 credits in Spanish courses above the 104L level, including A Spn 205 or A Spn 206, A Spn 207, A Spn 223L, A Spn 301 or 301Z, A Spn 312L and A Spn 316. Students must also take additional courses in Spanish, unless otherwise indicated, according to the requirements of their sequence, as follows.

Literature Concentration *
A minimum of 18 credits to include the following: (1) 1 literature course at the 300 level; (2) 2 literature courses at the 400 level; (3) 2 language courses above A Spn 301Z; (4) one civilization course.

Language Concentration *
A minimum of 18 credits to include the following: (1) 1 literature course above A Spn 316; (2) A Spn 401 or 402; (3) 2 language or linguistics courses at the 400 level; (4) 2 additional courses as advised. A Lin 220M may be counted as one of these courses.

Secondary Education Concentration *
A minimum of 18 credits to include the following: A Spn 401 (formerly 305) and 403 and (1) 1 literature course at the 300 level; (2) 1 literature course at the 400 level; (3) 1 civilization course; (4) 1 additional course as advised.

Teacher Education Program B.A.: *
A minimum of 36 credits above A Spn 104L including: A Spn 205 or 206, 207, 223L, 301 or 301Z, 312L, 316, and a minimum of 18 credits to include the following: A Spn 401 (formerly 305) and 403 and (1) 1 literature course at the 300 level; (2) 1 literature course at the 400 level; (3) 1 civilization course; (4) 1 additional course as advised.

Students interested in a career in secondary school teaching must apply for and be admitted to the Teacher Education Program administered by the Department of Educational Theory and Practice before they can be officially enrolled in this major in the teacher education program.

Qualified students may apply after satisfactorily completing one year of undergraduate study and a minimum of 24 graduation credits. Admission requirements are described in this bulletin under the section headed "Department of Educational Theory and Practice." Students admitted to the program must complete the teacher education professional requirements described in this bulletin under "Undergraduate Professional Requirements" within the section headed "Department of Educational Theory and Practice." They must also complete those courses within the major and related fields that are listed in this section.

* Course Categories for Spanish — Major Concentrations

Language courses include A Spn 302, 401 (formerly 305), 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 410Z.

Civilization courses include A Spn 314, 315, 317, 318, 322, 453, 454.

Literature courses include A Spn 319, 320, 325, 326, 333, 344, 410Z, 414, 418, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 481, 482.

Honors Program in Spanish

The honors program in Spanish is designed to promote opportunities for advanced work to highly motivated, mature undergraduate majors and prepare them to do independent work.

Students may apply for admission to the Honors Program after the beginning of the second semester of their sophomore year. To gain admission to the program students must have formally declared a major in Spanish and have completed at least 12 credits toward their major. In addition, they must have an overall GPA of at least 3.25, and 3.50 in their major, both of which must be maintained in order to graduate with honors.

Students must complete a minimum of 40 credits, including a 4 credit Honors Thesis (A Spn 499), as well as 36 credits normally required for the major. Specific requirements are as follows:

Spanish core: (18 credits) A Spn 205 or 206, 207, 223L, 301 or 301Z, 312, and 316.

1. Students who choose the Literature6, Sequence are required to take at least three6, Literature courses at the 400 or 500 level,6, and they must write a thesis on a topic6, dealing with literature.

2. Students who choose the Language and6, Civilization Sequence must take at least one6, civilization course at the 400 level, and6, they must also write a thesis on a topic6, dealing with Hispanic culture.

3. Students who choose the Linguistics6, Sequence must take at least one 400-level6, linguistics course in addition to A Spn 402,6, and they must write a thesis on a topic6, dealing with linguistics.

4. Students who choose the Secondary6, Education Sequence will be required to take6, both A Spn 403 and 404, and they must either6, write a thesis or they must complete a6, research project dealing with education.

Combined B.A./M.A. Program

The combined B.A./M.A. program in Spanish provides an opportunity for students of recognized academic ability and educational maturity to fulfill integrated requirements of undergraduate and master's degree programs from the beginning of their junior year. A carefully designed program can permit a student to earn the B.A. and M.A. degrees within nine semesters.

The combined program requires a minimum of 138 credits, of which at least 30 must be graduate credits. In qualifying for the B.A., students must meet all University and college requirements, including the requirements of the undergraduate major described previously, the minor requirement, the minimum 90 credit liberal arts and sciences requirement, general education requirements and residency requirements. In qualifying for the M.A., students must meet all University and college requirements as outlined in the Graduate Bulletin, including completion of a minimum of 30 graduate credits and any other conditions such as a research seminar, thesis, comprehensive examination, professional experience and residency requirements. Up to 12 graduate credits may be applied simultaneously to both the B.A. and M.A. programs.

Students are considered as undergraduates until completion of 120 graduation credits and satisfactory completion of all B.A. requirements. Upon meeting B.A. requirements, students are automatically considered as graduate students.

Students may apply for admission to the combined degree program in Spanish at the beginning of their junior year or after the successful completion of 56 credits, but no later than the accumulation of 100 credits. Students entering the University with advanced standing in Spanish may be admitted after satisfying the core requirements (A Spn 205 or 206, 207, 223L, 301 (or 301Z), 312, and 316). A cumulative grade point average of 3.20 or higher and three supportive letters of recommendation from faculty are required for consideration.

Courses in Italian

A Ita 100L Elementary Italian I (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
Beginner's course with audio-lingual approach. Fundamentals of language structure and sounds; emphasis on correct pronunciation and oral expression, graded readings. Classes meet four times per week, plus two required homework periods in the language laboratory. May not be taken for credit by students who have taken three years of high school Italian or passed the Regents examination within the past five years. Prerequisite(s): for beginners, none; for students with high school Italian, placement.

A Ita 101L Elementary Italian II (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
Continuation of audio-lingual approach, fundamentals of language structure and sounds, emphasis on correct pronunciation and oral expression, and graded readings. Classes meet four times per week, plus two required homework periods in the language laboratory. Prerequisite(s): A Ita 100L or placement.

A Ita 103L Intermediate Italian I (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
Modern Italian readings. Review of Italian grammar, composition and conversation. Prerequisite(s): A Ita 101L or placement.

A Ita 104L Intermediate Italian II (3)
General Education: CHP & HA
Continuation of modern Italian readings, review of Italian grammar, composition and conversation. Prerequisite(s): A Ita 103L or placement.

A Ita 206 Intermediate Conversation and Oral Grammar (3)
Primary emphasis on speaking skills. May be taken simultaneously with A Ita 207. Course may be waived upon demonstration of sufficient oral skill. Prerequisite(s): A Ita 104L.

A Ita 207 Intermediate Composition and Written Grammar (3)
Primary emphasis on writing skills. May be taken simultaneously with A Ita 206. Course may be waived upon demonstration of sufficient writing skill. Prerequisite(s): A Ita 104L or placement.

A Ita 213 The Italian-American Experience (3)
An exploration of the Italian-American heritage in art, culture and the novel, and a study of the psychological and social dimension of the ethnic experience. Conducted in English.

A Ita 223L Introduction to Literary Methods (3)
General Education: HA
Textual exposition of readings selected according to genre, with an introduction to literary terminology and writing. Prerequisite(s): A Ita 104L.

A Ita 301Z (formerly A Ita 301) Advanced Conversation and Composition (3)
General Education: WI
Intensive practice in speaking and writing Italian. Prerequisite(s): A Ita 207. Note: The former A Ita 301 does not meet the writing intensive requirement.

A Ita 311 General View of Literature I (3)
Survey of Italian literature from its origins to the end of the Renaissance: The Medieval tradition from the Scuola Siciliana and the Stil Novo to the Trecento; from the Quattrocento and the Florentine Humanists to the early and late Renaissance and the transformation of the epic genre. Prerequisite(s): A Ita 223L or permission of instructor.

A Ita 312 General View of Literature II (3)
Survey of Italian literature from the end of the Renaissance to the present, The course will cover the Seicento, the Settecento, with its reformation of the theatre, the revival of the tragic genre and the civil poetry; it will also cover the Romantic Age, as well as the Novecento and its literary movements. Students who have already taken the A Ita 311 prior to Fall 1992 may not take A Ita 312 for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Ita 223L or permission of instructor. May note be offered in 1999-2000.

A Ita 315 Italian Civilization: From the Etruscans to Galileo (3)
An introduction to Italian culture from the Etruscans to ancient Rome and Pompeii; from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, with emphasis on the contributions of Dante, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Galileo, and the struggle between church and state. Offered in English with readings in Italian for majors. Prerequisite(s): for majors, A Ita 104L; for nonmajors, none. May note be offered in 1999- 2000.

A Ita 316 Contemporary Italy: From the Unification to the Present (3)
A study of the cultural manifestations of the sociopolitical changes in modern Italy: from the Risorgimento to the formation of one nation; the rise and fall of Fascism; social developments in contemporary Italy-political parties, trade unions, media, religion and education. Offered in English with readings in Italian for majors. Prerequisite(s): for majors, A Ita 104L; for nonmajors, none.

A Ita 318 Italian Cinema and Literature (3)
This course deals with a study of the work of Rossellini, Visconti, De Sica, Fellini, Antonioni, Pasolini, Bertolucci and others. It examines the way fiction and themes taken from Italian life have been rendered in cinematic form during the past 35+ years. Offered in English with readings in Italian for majors. Prerequisite(s): for majors, A Ita 104L; for nonmajors, none.

A Ita 325 The Italian Short Story (3)
Representative Italian short stories with emphasis on specific characteristics of the genre. Prerequisite(s): A Ita 301. May note be offered in 1999-2000.

A Ita 397 Independent Study in Italian (2-4)
Study by a student in an area of special interest not treated in currently offered courses. Work performed under direction of a professor chosen by the student on a topic approved by the program. May be repeated once with special departmental approval. Prerequisite(s): A Ita 311.

A Ita 421 Dante (3)
Introduction to the Divina Commedia. A study of Dante's Inferno, including consideration of Dante's importance in world literature. Prerequisite(s): A Ita 311 or permission of instructor. May note be offered in 1999-2000.

A Ita 441 The Italian Renaissance (3)
Study of the Italian Renaissance, with emphasis on the individual authors as well as on their influence on other Western cultures and subsequent centuries. From the new critical spirit and search to the circle of Lorenzo de'Medici, Machiavelli, Ariosto, and Tasso. Conducted in English. Italian majors must read materials in the original and meet in special sessions with the instructor during the course of the semester. Prerequisite(s): A Ita 311 or permission of instructor.

A Ita 444 Topics in Italian Language and Literature (2-3)
Selected works of Italian language or literature not covered by other undergraduate courses offered by the program. May be repeated for credit with a change of topic. Consult current schedule of classes for topic and prerequisite.

A Ita 471 From Baroque to Romanticism (3)
Study of literature, trends and ideas of the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries focusing on the works of Foscolo, Leopardi, Manzoni, Carducci, Pascoli and D'Annunzio. Not open to students with credit for A Ita 461. Prerequisite(s): A Ita 311 or permission of instructor. May note be offered in 1999-2000.

A Ita 481 The Italian Novel and Poetry of the 20th Century (3)
Study of contemporary literary trends. Emphasizes the works of Verga and Pirandello, Moravia and Pavese, Ungaretti, Montale, Quasimodo. Prerequisite(s): A Ita 311 or permission of instructor. May note be offered in 1999-2000.

A Ita 499 Honors Thesis (4)
An independent honors thesis written under the supervision of an appropriate faculty member and evaluated by the Honors Committee. Prerequisite(s): Completion of all other requirements for the Honors Program.

A minor in Portuguese is available to students who complete 18 credits of course work with an A Por prefix.

The Portuguese program offers instruction in the Portuguese language and in Portuguese and Brazilian literature and culture. By extending career opportunities to Brazil, Portugal and African countries where Portuguese is an official language, study in the Portuguese program can be an important adjunct to academic preparation in Latin American studies, social sciences, natural sciences, business and other fields.

Courses in Portuguese

A Por 100L Elementary Portuguese I (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
Beginner's course with audio-lingual approach. Fundamentals of language structure and sounds emphasis on correct pronunciation and oral expression, graded readings. Classes meet four times a week, plus two required homework periods in the language laboratory. May not be taken for credit by students with credit for A Por 102L. Prerequisite(s): for beginners, none; for others, placement.

A Por 101L Elementary Portuguese II (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
Continuation of audio-lingual approach, fundamentals of language structure and sounds, emphasis on correct pronunciation and oral expression, and graded readings. Classes meet four times a week, plus two required homework periods in the language laboratory. May not be taken for credit by students with credit for A Por 102L. Prerequisite(s): A Por 100L or placement.

A Por 102L Intensive Elementary Portuguese (8)
General Education: CHP & HA
An intensive one-semester elementary language course equivalent to A Por 100L and A Por 101L for accelerated development of basic skills of speaking, listening comprehension, reading, and writing. Meets eight hours per week, with requirement of extensive directed laboratory work. May not be taken for credit by students with credit for A Por 100L or 101L. Prior knowledge of Spanish is recommended. May not be offered during 1999-2000.

A Por 115 (= A Lcs 115) Portuguese and Brazilian Culture and Society (3)
Survey of culture and society in the Portuguese-speaking world, including, Brazil, Portugal and Portuguese Africa. The development of typical customs and institutions, with special attention to folklore, music, painting and architecture, with visual and recorded materials. Conducted in English. Only one of A Por 115 & A Lcs 115 may be taken for credit. May not be offered during 1999-2000.

A Por 201L Intermediate Portuguese (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
Practice in spoken and written comprehension and expression. Development of knowledge of grammar and vocabulary through directed conversation, reading and composition. Prerequisite(s): A Por 101L or placement. May not be offered during 1999-2000.

A Por 206 Conversation and Spoken Grammar (3)
Primary emphasis on spoken language, with training in comprehension and expression, and systematic practice in oral discourse, including dialogue, narrative and description. Prerequisite(s): A Por 101L or placement. May not be offered during 1999- 2000.

A Por 207 Composition and Written Grammar (3)
Primary emphasis on writing skills. Formal grammar of written language, with training in various types of composition. Prerequisite(s): A Por 101L or placement. May not be offered during 1999-2000.

A Por 215 African-Brazilian Culture (3)
A study of social, political, and symbolic adaptations of people of African origin in Brazil through an examination of social institutions, customs, and other relevant aspects of culture, with special attention given to corresponding aspects of culture in the United States. Prerequisite(s): A Por 115 or consent of instructor. May not be offered during 1999-2000.

A Por 301 Advanced Conversation and Composition (3)
Advanced study of oral and written expression in Portuguese through analysis and exercises in both grammar and style. Prerequisite(s): A Por 206 & 207, or placement. May not be offered during 1999-2000.

A Por 311 Introduction to Portuguese Literature (3)
Survey of Portuguese literature from the Middle Ages to the present. Selected readings, lectures, discussions and reports on collateral study. Prerequisite(s): A Por 207 or permission of instructor. May not be offered during 1999-2000.

A Por 312 (= A Lcs 312) Introduction to Brazilian Literature (3)
Survey of Brazilian literature from colonial period to the present. Selected readings, lectures, discussions, and reports on collateral study. Only one of A Por 312 & A Lcs 312 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Por 207 or permission of instructor. May not be offered during 1999- 2000.

A Por 318 (= A Lcs 318) Introduction to Brazilian Cinema (3)
Survey of Brazilian cinema, emphasizing the social and cultural dimensions of selected major films, including some which represent the "new cinema" movement. Course includes viewings, discussions, readings and written work. Only one of A Por 318 & A Lcs 318 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing, or permission of instructor. May not be offered during 1999- 2000.

A Por 397 Independent Study in Portuguese (2-3)
Study in an area of special interest not treated in courses currently offered. May be repeated once with program approval. Prerequisite(s): A Por 207 and permission of program. May not be offered during 1999-2000.

A Por 402 Studies in Portuguese Linguistics (3)
Survey of selected area of Portuguese linguistics, such as phonetics and phonology, syntax, dialectology or history of the language. May be repeated for credit with different topics. Prerequisite(s): A Por 301 or permission of instructor. May not be offered 1999-2000.

A Por 411 Studies in Literature (3)
Texts from selected genres of literature in Portuguese. Topics may deal with poetry, drama or narrative of Portugal, Brazil, or other Portuguese-speaking countries. May be repeated for credit if topic varies. Prerequisite(s): A Por 311 & A Por 312 or permission of instructor. May not be offered 1999-2000.

Courses in Spanish

A Spn 100L Elementary Spanish I (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
This is a beginner's course using the natural method that will emphasize the acquisition of grammatical structures and vocabulary through an active process of student participation; it will focus on listening comprehension, correct pronunciation, and cultural knowledge. Spanish will be the language of instruction. Students are expected to attend regularly and participate in all class activities. Classes meet four times per week. May not be taken for credit by bilinguals or native speakers, or by students who have taken three years of high school Spanish or passed the Regents examination within the past five years. Prerequisite(s): for beginners, none; for students with high school Spanish, placement.

A Spn 101L Elementary Spanish II (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
A continuation of A Spn 100L which focuses on the active development of listening and reading comprehension, cultural knowledge, and speaking and writing skills. Cultural topics include: Types and Stereotypes, the Human Community, and Views on Death. Students are expected to attend regularly and participate in all class activities. Spanish will be the language of instruction. Classes meet four times per week, and students will be assigned to view videos outside of class. May not be taken for credit by bilinguals or native speakers. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 100L or placement.

A Spn 103I = A Spn 103L Intermediate Spanish I (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
A continuation of the active development of the four communicative skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing) within the context of the study of different topics of Hispanic culture. These topics include: Differing Concepts of Family, the Geography and Demography of Spanish America, and the History of U.S. Relations with Latin America. Course includes short compositions and videos to be seen outside of class. Classes meet four times per week, and students are expected to participate in all class activities. Spanish is the language of instruction. May not be taken for credit by bilinguals or native speakers. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 101L or placement.

A Spn 104I = A Spn 104L Intermediate Spanish II (3)
General Education: CHP & HA
Students will continue to work with the four skills as in A Spn 103L, with emphasis on readings, short compositions, and class discussions. Cultural topics include: Hispanics in the United States, Habits and Dependencies, Personal Freedom Work and Leisure. Spanish will be the language of instruction. Students are expected to participate actively, and they will be assigned compositions and videos to be viewed outside of class: May not be taken for credit by bilinguals or native speakers. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 103I or 103L or placement.

A Spn 105L Spanish for Bilinguals I (3)
General Education: CHP & HA
Emphasizes the development of all four communicative skills (writing, reading, speaking, and listening), with special attention given to specific areas of language such as vocabulary building, grammar, and orthography. This course is for students who speak Spanish at home, but who have little or no formal training in the language. Prerequisite(s): placement. May not be offered during 1999-2000.

A Spn 205 Spanish for Bilinguals II (3)
Emphasizes the development of skills in writing, reading, and oral communication, including the use of anglicisms and interference of English, code-switching, and reading comprehension. Students will make oral presentations, write short compositions, and practice reading through the study of U.S. Hispanic culture. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 105 or placement.

A Spn 206 Intermediate Conversation and Oral Grammar (3)
Primary emphasis on the active skill of speaking. Cannot be taken by bilinguals or native speakers. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 104L or placement.

A Spn 207 Intermediate Composition and Written Grammar (3)
Primary emphasis on the active skills of writing. Includes a systematic study of Spanish grammar with frequent written compositions. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 104L or placement.

A Spn 223L Introduction to Literary Methods (3)
General Education: HA
This is a beginning literature course where students are introduced to the study of literature in a foreign language. Works will be chosen by genre, with emphasis placed on the issues and assumptions underlying literary study, as well as the practical aspects of literary analysis. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 207.

A Spn 297 Supplemental Language Study (1)
A course to help students improve their Spanish reading and/or writing ability, taken in conjunction with a course of Hispanic literature in translation, or a course in another discipline which has a relation to Hispanic literature or culture. Course work may include readings and short compositions in Spanish. Prerequisite(s): permission of the instructor.

A Spn 301 Advanced Conversation and Composition (3)
Intensive study of the language, with frequent, short compositions. A Spn 301Z is the writing intensive version of 301; only one may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 206 and 207 or placement. May not be offered during 1999-2000.

A Spn 301Z Advanced Conversation and Composition (3)
General Education: WI
A Spn 301Z is the writing intensive version of 301; only one may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 206 and 207 or placement.

A Spn 302 Advanced Spanish Grammar (3)
This course will offer an advanced grammar review of Spanish, contrasting its structures with those of English. Attention will be given to both morphological paradigms and syntactic patterns. Reviewing and discussing exercises and compositions will comprise a significant portion of the course work. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 207 or placement.

A Spn 311 Hispanic Literature through the Golden Age (3)
An introduction to the literature of Spain and Latin America: the Medieval tradition, from the epic to the Celestina; the innovations of the Renaissance and Baroque poetry (Garcilaso, San Juan, Terrazas, Balbuena, Góngora, Quevedo, Sor Juana); the birth of the modern novel (the Lazarillo, Cervantes), the Comedia (Lope, Alarcón, Calderón). Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L. May not be offered during 1999-2000.

A Spn 312L Representative Spanish Authors II (3)
General Education: HA
Survey of Spanish literature from the beginning of the 18th century to the Generation of `98. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L.

A Spn 314 The Rise and Fall of the Spanish Empire (3)
General Education: CHP
From the encounter of cultures during the expansion of Fernando and Isabel to the intolerance of Philip II and his successors: saints and sinners (mysticism and the picaresque); noble peasants and ignoble aristocrats (Spanish drama); El Greco and Velázquez; and apocalyptic visions (Quevedo's Dreams). Prerequisite(s): for majors, A Spn 207; for nonmajors, none.

A Spn 315 Conflict and Progress in Modern Spain (3)
General Education: CHP
A study of the social and political struggles of the Spanish people through their literary and artistic manifestations, from the beginnings of the 18th century to the present. Prerequisite(s): for majors, A Spn 207; for nonmajors, none.

A Spn 316 (= A Lcs 316) Representative Spanish-American Authors (3)
A survey of literary movements in Spanish America from independence to World War II. Only one of A Spn 316 & A Lcs 316 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L.

A Spn 317 (= A Lcs 317) Latin-American Civilization (3)
General Education: CHP
Study of Spanish-American cultures and institutions from the beginnings of the 20th century. Only one of A Spn 317 & A Lcs 317 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 207.

A Spn 318 (= A Lcs 314) Topics in Hispanic Film (3)
A study of Hispanic film as a medium that offers a unique amalgam of diverse musical, pictorial, and literary art forms within a sociopolitical context. The course will focus on such specific topics as peasant movements, human rights, images of women, race, and ethnicity. Only one of A Lcs 314 & A Spn 318 may be taken for credit in any semester. Either may be repeated once for credit, with a change in topic. Consult current schedule of classes for topic. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L or permission of instructor.

A Spn 319 Twentieth-Century Spanish Literature (3)
A study of selected works of Spanish literature from the Generation of `98 to the present. Works studied will deal with philosophical and social movements such as Existentialism, Tremendismo, the Spanish Civil War, the struggle between the individual and society. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L.

A Spn 320 (= A Lcs 319) Twentieth-Century Spanish American Literature (3)
A study of selected works of Spanish American literature from World War II to the present. Works studied will deal with topics of special interest such as the continuing debate with regard to civilization and barbarism, dictatorship and revolution, social justice, and the search for identity. Only one of A Lcs 319 & A Spn 320 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L.

A Spn 322 (= A Lcs 302) Las Culturas Latinas en los Estados Unidos (3)
General Education: HD
Intensive examination of Hispanic American society. Major Hispanic groups (e.g. Puerto Ricans, Mexican-Americans, Cubans) will be studied with emphasis on interaction between these groups and mainstream society, culture and value change in contact situations, and efforts to deal with prejudice and discrimination. To be conducted in Spanish. Only one of A Lcs 201, 302 & A Spn 322 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L, A Spn 301, 301Z or placement.

A Spn 323 Textual Analysis (3)
Students will continue the study of literature in a foreign language through an advanced, in-depth analysis of selected works of Hispanic literature. They will further develop practical skills of literary criticism to be applied to different types of literature. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L or permission of instructor. May note be offered in 1999-2000.

A Spn 325 The Hispanic Short Story (3)
Representative Spanish and Spanish-American short stories with emphasis on specific characteristics of the genre. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L.

A Spn 326 (= A Lcs 326) Spanish-American Poetry and Theatre (3)
Representative Spanish-American plays and selected works in Spanish-American poetry, with emphasis on specific characteristics of the genres. Only one of A Spn 326 & A Lcs 326 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L.

A Spn 333 Hispanic Literature in Translation (3)
Hispanic literature in translation studied with a view to understanding its contributions to world literatures. Sample topics: Don Quijote, medieval masterpieces, images of women, Unamuno, Machado, Borges. May be repeated for credit with change of topic. Consult schedule for topic. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing. May not be offered 1999-2000.

A Spn 344 Women in Hispanic Literature (3)
Images of women in diverse works in Hispanic literature. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L.

A Spn 397 Independent Study in Spanish (1-4)
Study by a student in an area of special interest not treated in courses currently offered. Work performed under direction of a professor chosen by the student on a topic approved by the program. May be repeated once with special approval of the program. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 311 & 312.

A Spn 401 (formerly A Spn 305) Spanish Phonetics and Phonology (3)
This is an advanced course in Spanish Phonology. Course topics include: articulatory phonetics, phonetic transcription, allophonic distribution, dialect variation, and differences between English and Spanish sound systems. Some lab work is required. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 104L or placement.

A Spn 402 Spanish Linguistics: Morphology and Syntax (3)
Survey of the structure of the Spanish language in the light of current linguistic theory. Emphasizes morphology and syntax. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 401 or permission of instructor.

A Spn 403 Spanish for Teachers (3)
Study of Spanish grammar with the needs of the beginning teacher in mind. Emphasizes those aspects of grammar that cause most difficulty to English-speaking students. May be offered as a quarter course. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 301, 301Z or placement.

A Spn 404 Advanced Oral Communication (3)
Training in public speaking through participation in talks for special occasions, debates, panel discussions, extemporaneous speaking and other forms of public address. Talks tape recorded. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 301, 301Z or permission of instructor.

A Spn 405 Evolution of the Spanish Language (3)
Historical phonology and morphology: from Vulgar Latin to medieval and modern Spanish. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 401 and permission of instructor. May note be offered in 1999-2000.

A Spn 406 Applied Translation (3)
Written translation from and into Spanish. Text selections from professional journals and government publications. Use of radio broadcasts and taped speeches. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 301, 301Z or placement.

A Spn 407 Business and Legal Spanish (3)
The application of language skills to meet professional career requirements through the development of a specialized vocabulary and written exercises. Reading and analysis of contemporary texts from business journals and reports in the fields of business, law and economics. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 301, 301Z or placement.

A Spn 410Z Creative Writing (3)
General Education: WI
Creative writing in Spanish. Students may choose to write in one or several genres. The former A Spn 410 does not yield writing intensive credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 301 or 301Z.

A Spn 414 (= A Lcs 414) Literature of the Hispanic Caribbean (3)
Study of selected major writers of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico of the 19th and 20th centuries. Special consideration of literature as a reflection of situations and problems peculiar to the Hispanic Caribbean. Conducted in Spanish. Only one of A Spn 414 & A Lcs 414Z may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L. May note be offered in 1999-2000.

A Spn 418 Hispanic Cinema and Literature (3)
A study of literary techniques in cinema and cinematic techniques in literature as a way of exploring narrative structure in representative Hispanic works. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223L.

A Spn 444 Topics in Hispanic Language and Literature (3)
Selected topics in Hispanic language or literature not covered by other undergraduate courses offered by the program. May be repeated for credit with change of topic. Consult current schedule of classes for topic and prerequisite.

A Spn 445 Satire in Hispanic Literature (3)
Representative satirical writers in Spanish and Spanish American literature from Quevedo to the present, including such writers as Fernandez de Lizardi, Larra, Mesonero Romanos, Valle-Inclan, Francisco Umbral or other appropriate authors selected by the instructor. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 312 & 316. May not be offered during 1999-2000.

A Spn 446 Literature and Human Rights (3)

A study of selected works of Spanish and Spanish American literature that deal with the subject of human rights throughout history. Topics to be studied may include such things as social protest, censored texts, women's writing, the literature of exile, minority portrayals, and slavery. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 312 & 316. May note be offered in 1999-2000.

A Spn 447 The Theme of Human Communion (3)
After a brief look at the philosophical and psychological aspects of the problem of alienation, the theme of human communion will be studied in selected works of Spanish and Spanish American poetry, drama and fiction. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 312 & 316.

A Spn 448 The Sacred and the Profane (3)
A study of selected works of Spanish and Spanish American literature which deal with the conflict between the religious and the secular point of view. The course may include such topics as sacred and profane love, religious fanaticism and secular liberalism, and liberation theology. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 312 & 316. May not be offered during 1999-2000.

A Spn 449 Myths and Archetypes (3)
A study of mythical and/or archetypal themes in selected works of Spanish or Spanish American literature. Typical themes may include the hero or the anti-hero, Don Juan, the Christ figure, the epic journey, the lost paradise and the eternal return. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 312 & 316. May note be offered in 1999-2000.

A Spn 453 Cultural Foundations of Spanish Literature: Golden Age (3)
Civilization of Spain during the 16th and 17th centuries. Its institutions and ideologies will be considered with emphasis on their relationship to literature. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 314 or permission of instructor. May not be offered during 1999- 2000.

A Spn 454 Cultural Foundations of Spanish Literature (3)
Civilization of Spain in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Social, economic, religious and political institutions will be considered through literature. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 314 & Spn 315, or permission of instructor. May note be offered in 1999-2000.

A Spn 481 The Generation of '98 (3)
The important writers of the Generation of '98 will be studied, with emphasis on the way they express their ideas in essays, novels and poetry. Those writers will include Unamuno, Machado, Baroja, Valle-Inclan, Azorín, Ortega y Gasset. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 312. May note be offered in 1999-2000.

A Spn 482 Cervantes (3)
The life and major works of Miguel de Cervantes de Saavedra. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 311. May not be offered during 1999-2000.

A Spn 499 Honors Thesis (4)
An independent honors thesis written under the supervision of an appropriate faculty member and evaluated by the Honors Committee. Prerequisite(s): completion of all other requirements for the Honors Program.

In addition to traditional careers in teaching and in government agencies, graduates are finding employment in business, telecommunications, banking, and the legal profession, as consultants in a wide variety of areas related to commerce, democratization, and economic development in Russia and the other states of the CIS, as journalists, investment fund analysts, travel agents, cultural exchange coordinators, exhibit guides, translators and interpreters, and in many other fields.

To provide access to the riches of Russian literature to all undergraduates, regardless of their interest in language study, the Slavic and Eurasian Studies program offers a wide range of courses in Russian literature in translation. These courses, described in detail later, assume no prior knowledge of the Russian language or Russian literature and are intended also for students who are not majoring in Russian. Students interested in these courses are advised to consult the program for current offerings and course descriptions.

Opportunities to spend a semester in Russia are made possible through close cooperation between the SUNY and Moscow State University.

Language Placement

Experience indicates that students with one year of high school Russian will usually place in A Rus 101L or 102L, with two years in A Rus 102L, with three years in A Rus 102L or 201L, and with four years in A Rus 201L. Placement is contingent upon an active assessment of language skills made by the instructor in the course no later than the second class or in consultation with the undergraduate program director.

A student may not earn graduation credit for a course in a language sequence if it is a prerequisite to a course for which graduation credit has already been earned.

Students earning advanced placement credits from high school, and those earning credits in the University at Albany's University in High School Program, will be expected to register for the next course in the language sequence.

Transfer students are expected to register for the next level course in the language sequence. Placement is contingent upon an active assessment of language skills made by the instructor in the course no later than the second class or in consultation with the undergraduate program director.

General Program B.A.: A minimum of 35 credits of Russian language (above A Rus 201L), literature, or culture courses. Three alternative tracks lead to the degree: (A) Language, (B) Literature and (C) Culture. Each program consists of a common core of 26 credits plus 9 credits in the area of concentration.

Core Program (26 credits)

Language: A Rus 202L (5), 301 (3), 302 (3), 312 (3) 14 credits.

Literature: A Rus 251L (3), 252L (3), 253L (3) 9 credits.

Culture: A Rus 161 (3) or 161Z (3) 3 credits

Area Concentration: (9 credits)

1. Language: A Rus 311 (3) plus 6 credits in Russian language courses at the 300 level or above.

2. Literature: A Rus 311 (3) plus 6 credits in Russian literature at the 300 level or above, including at least 3 credits of Russian literature taught in Russian.

3. Culture: At least 9 credits as advised from A His 354 (3), 355 (3); R Pos 354 (3), 356 (3), 452Z (3); A Gog 371 (3); or other courses.

B.A./M.B.A. Program

Beginning in the fall semester 1996, Russian has participated with the School of Business in a five-year program leading to a B.A. degree in Russian and an M.B.A. Candidates spend two years on the Albany campus studying language and culture and lower-level business courses and satisfying General Education requirements. The junior year is spent studying at Moscow State University, followed by two years in Albany completing the business degree.

Teacher Education Program

B.A.: A minimum of 35 credits including A Lin 220M; A Rus 161 or 161Z; and 29 credits of Russian above A Rus 201L, including A Rus 202L, 251L, 252L, 253L, 301, 302, 311, and 312. Courses in English translation (with the exception of those included in the core program) may not be applied to this program.

Students interested in a career in secondary school teaching must apply for and be admitted to the Teacher Education Program administered by the Department of Educational Theory and Practice before they can be officially enrolled in this major in the teacher education program. Qualified students may apply after satisfactorily completing one year of undergraduate study and a minimum of 24 graduation credits. Admission requirements are described in this bulletin under the section headed "Department of Educational Theory and Practice." Students admitted to the program must complete the teacher education professional requirements described in this bulletin under "Undergraduate Professional Requirements" within the section headed "Department of Educational Theory and Practice." They must also complete those courses within the major and related fields that are listed in this section.

Honors Program

The honors program in Russian is designed for outstanding Russian majors enrolled in either the general program (language, literature or culture track) or the teacher education program.

Students may apply for admission to the honors program by submitting a letter of request to the program no later than April 15 of the sophomore year (for admission in the fall) or November 15 of the junior year (for admission in the spring). Junior transfers may apply for consideration at the time of their admission to the University.

The requirements for admission include (1) an overall grade point average of 3.30, (2) a grade point average of 3.60 in courses in Russian language and literature, and (3) written recommendations from at least three faculty members, one of whom should be from outside Slavic and Eurasian Studies. Primary emphasis will be placed on indications of academic ability and maturity sufficient for applicants to pursue with distinction a program involving independent research and writing.

Students in the honors program are required to complete a minimum of 44-45 credits as follows: (1) 36 credits as specified for the general program in Russian or 35 credits as specified for the teacher education program in Russian; (2) 3 credits of A Rus 397 taken in the second semester of the junior year or in the first semester of the senior year, in the course of which an independent project leading to a research paper will be carried out under faculty supervision; (3) 3 credits of A Rus 397 taken during the senior year, in the course of which an independent research project resulting in an honors thesis will be carried out; (4) 3 credits of A Rus 495, Senior Honors Seminar. In addition, students must satisfactorily complete a comprehensive examination administered before the end of the second semester of the senior year. Students in the program must maintain both a minimum grade point average of 3.30 overall and 3.60 in courses taken to satisfy major requirements during the junior and senior years.

Combined B.A./M.A. Program

The Combined B.A./M.A. Program in Russian provides an opportunity for students of recognized academic ability and educational maturity to fulfill integrated requirements of undergraduate and master's degree programs starting from the beginning of their junior year. A carefully designed program can permit a student to earn the B.A. and M.A. degrees within nine semesters.

The combined program requires a minimum of 138 credits, of which at least 30 must be graduate credits. In qualifying for the B.A., students will meet all University and college requirements, including the requirement for any of the B.A. programs in Russian described above, the minor requirement, the minimum 90- credit liberal arts and sciences requirement, general education requirements and residency requirements. In qualifying for the M.A., students will meet all University and college requirements as outlined in the Graduate Bulletin, including completing a minimum of 30 graduate credits, and any conditions such as a research seminar, thesis, comprehensive examination, or other professional experience where required, and residency requirements. Up to 12 graduate credits may be applied simultaneously to both the B.A. and M.A. programs.

Students will be considered as undergraduates until completion of 120 graduation credits and satisfactory completion of all B.A. requirements. Upon satisfying requirements for the B.A., students will automatically be considered as graduate students.

Students may apply for admission to the combined degree program at the beginning of their junior year, or after the successful completion of 56 credits, but no later than the accumulation of 100 credits. A cumulative grade point average of 3.20 or higher and three supportive letters of recommendation from faculty are required for consideration. Students will be admitted to the combined program upon the recommendation of the Graduate Admissions Committee (Slavic) of Slavic and Eurasian Studies.

Advanced Study in Russia

Through cooperation with the State University of New York Office of International Programs, Slavic and Eurasian Studies provides advanced students with an opportunity to spend one semester in Russia. Students accepted for the program reside and study at Moscow State University and follow a curriculum comprised of advanced Russian language, Russian and Soviet literature and Russian culture. Students are eligible to apply for the program in their third year of Russian study or later.

Other Slavic Languages

The program regularly provides instruction in Slavic languages other than Russian. In recent years, it has offered courses in Bulgarian, Polish, Serbo-Croatian, and Ukrainian. Courses in Yugoslav and Bulgarian culture (in English) and Polish and East European literatures have also been offered.

A Rus 161 Russian Civilization (3)
General Education: CHP
The cultural and ideological development of Russia from the inheritance of the Byzantine Empire through the rise and fall of the Soviet Union to the present day. Includes various aspects of history, political systems, economy and culture and the arts. Conducted in English. A Rus 161Z is the writing intensive version of A Rus 161; only one may be taken for credit.

A Rus 161Z Russian Civilization (3)
General Education: CHP & WI
A Rus 161Z is the writing intensive version of A Rus 161; only one may be taken for credit.

A Rus 171L (= A Wss 171L) Women in Russian Culture (3)
General Education: CHP & HA
The course will examine the roles of women in Russian culture through a study of film, literary works by and about women. Only one of A Rus 171L & A Wss 171L may be taken for credit.

A Rus 190 Women Writers in Russian Literature (3)
The course examines Russian women's writings beginning with the 18th century to the present. The texts are studies in the context of Russian literature in general and women's writings in particular. It includes: autobiographies by Catherine the Great, Alexandra Durova and Nadezda Mandelshtam; prose works by Karolina Pavlovana, Elena Guro, Tatjana Tolstaia, and the plays by Liudmila Petrushevskaia.

A Rus 240 Great Works of Russia in English Translation (1)
Each mini-course in A Rus 240 focuses on a great book by a Russian author and examines it in depth. Emphasis on textual analysis. with consideration of diverse critical approaches and the work's significance for Russian society and world literature. Conducted in English. A Rus 239 and/or 240 may be repeated for credit when content differs.

A Rus 251L Masterpieces of 19th-Century Russian Literature (3)
General Education: HA
Survey of the development of Russian literature. particularly prose fiction. from the age of Pushkin to 1900. Readings will be chosen from short stones and novels by the following writers: Pushkin, Gogol, Lermontov, Turgenev, Goncharov, Tolstoy and Dostoevsky. Conducted in English.

A Rus 252L Masterpieces of 20th-Century Russian Literature (3)
General Education: HA
Survey of the development of Russian literature, particularly prose fiction, from the turn of the century to the death of Stalin (1953). Readings will be chosen from short stories and novels by the following writers: Chekhov, Gorky, Olesha, Bulgakov, Babel, Pasternak, Zamyatin, Sholokhov. Conducted in English.

A Rus 253L Contemporary Russian Literature (3)
General Education: HA
Survey of Soviet literature from the death of Stalin (1953) to the present. Readings taken primarily from prose fiction by such writers as Solzhenitsyn, Trifonov, Aksyonov, Shukshin, Bitov and Erofeyev. Discussion of how the changing political situation has affected writers and literature. Conducted in English.

A Rus 261L (formerly A Rus 361L) Dostoevsky and Tolstoy in English Translation (3)
General Education: HA
Examination of the life, times and works of Russia's two most important 19th-century prose writers. Approximately one-half of the course will be devoted to each writer. Reading of novels, short stones and essays, and discussion of the authors' extra-literary significance. Conducted in English. A Rus 261E is the writing intensive version of A Rus 261L; only one may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): one course in literature or junior or senior class standing.

A Rus 261E (formerly 361E) Dostoevsky and Tolstoy in English Translation (3)
General Education: HA & WI
Conducted in English. A Rus 261E is the writing intensive version of A Rus 261L; only one may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): one course in literature or junior or senior class standing.

A Rus 266 Gogol in English Translation (2)
Gogol's fiction and his role in the development of Russian prose. Quarter course; conducted in English.

A Rus 267 Chekhov in English Translation (2)
Chekhov's stories and plays with emphasis on social, psychological and philosophical insights. Special attention to Chekhov's role in the development of the short story and drama. Quarter course.

A Rus 270 Topics in Slavic Literatures and Cultures (1-3)
A short course on various topics in Slavic literatures and cultures (Russian, Czech, Serbian, Croatian, Bulgarian, Polish, etc.). May include instruction in language, or lecture-style courses on literature and culture. Course may cover an individual work, an individual author or a genre. Quarter course; conducted in English.

A Rus 354L The Russian Novel in its Western Context (3)
General Education: HA
A comparative course concentrating on 19th- century prose fiction by Russian authors such as Dostoevsky, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Pushkin and Lermontov, examined as it relates to the work of their European and American contemporaries, including Dickens, Balzac, Byron, Flaubert, Henry James, George Eliot and others. A Rus 354E is the writing intensive version of A Rus 354L; only one may be taken for credit. Conducted in English. Prerequisite(s): one course in literature or junior or senior class standing, or permission of instructor. May not be offered during 1999-2000.

A Rus 354E The Russian Novel in its Western Context (3)
General Education: HA & WI
A Rus 354E is the writing intensive version of A Rus 354L; only one may be taken for credit. Conducted in English. Prerequisite(s): one course in literature or junior or senior class standing, or permission of instructor. May not be offered during 1999-2000.

A Rus 359 (= A Thr 359) Russian Drama in English Translation (3)
Surveys major trends in Russian drama and analyzes major works from the comedies of Fonvizin and Griboedov satirizing the Russian social scene to the twilight melancholy of Chekhov and the theatre of 20th-century Soviet Russia. Conducted in English. Offered in alternate years. A Rus 359Z is the writing intensive version of A Rus 359 & A Thr 359; only one of the three courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 251L, or junior or senior class standing, or permission of instructor.

A Rus 359Z (= A Thr 359) Russian Drama in English Translation (3)
General Education: WI
A Rus 359Z is the writing intensive version of A Rus 359 & A Thr 359; only one of the three courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 251L, or junior or senior class standing, or permission of instructor.

A Rus 380 Soviet Cinema (3)
Film as Revolutionary art, an effective propaganda tool, and site for formalistic experimentation, social criticism, and cultural/historical recollection. Famous, classic and contemporary films by: Eisenstein, Vertov, Pudovkin, Chukrai, Askoldov. Kalatazov, Kavun, Tarkovsky, and others.

A Rus 101L Elementary Russian I (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
Introduction to the fundamentals of Russian grammar and basic vocabulary through extensive classroom drills, graded readings and translations. Systematic attention to essentials of pronunciation. Four classes each week. Some laboratory work. Native speakers of Russian may not take this course without permission of chair. Only one of A Rus 101L, 103L, 105L may be taken for credit.

A Rus 102L Elementary Russian II (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
Continuation of A Rus 101L. Four classes a week. Some laboratory work. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 101L or permission of chair. Native speakers of Russian may not take this course without permission of chair. Only one of A Rus 102L, 104L, 105L may be taken for credit.

A Rus 103L Russian for Bilingual Students I (3)
General Education: CHP & HA
For students of Russian descent who speak Russian but have no formal education in the language. Students will learn to read and write Russian, and will be exposed to the fundamentals of Russian grammar. May be required as a prerequisite to enrolling in more advanced courses in Russian. Only one of A Rus 101L, 103L, 105L may be taken for credit.

A Rus 104L Russian for Bilingual Students II (3)
General Education: CHP & HA
A continuation of A Rus 103. Only one of A Rus 102L, 104L, 105L may be taken for credit.

A Rus 105L Intensive Introductory Russian (8)
General Education: CHP & HA
Intensive first-year Russian. Introduction to the fundamentals of Russian grammar and basic vocabulary through extensive classroom drills, graded readings and translations. Systematic attention to essentials of pronunciation. Equivalent to A Rus 101L and A Rus 102L sequence. Native speakers of Russian may not take this course without permission of chair. Only one of A Rus 101L, 103L, 105L may be taken for credit. Only one of A Rus 102L, 104L, 105L may be taken for credit.

A Rus 201L Intermediate Russian I (5)
General Education: CHP & HA
Review of basic grammar; major grammatical issues not covered in elementary Russian; reading, translation, composition conversation. Five classes, one laboratory or drill each week. Also offered in the University in High School Program. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 102L, 104L, 105L or equivalent.

A Rus 202L Intermediate Russian II (5)
General Education: CHP & HA
Continuation of A Rus 201L with increased use of Russian as language of instruction. Five classes, one laboratory or drill each week. Also offered in the University in High School Program. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 201L or equivalent.

A Rus 301 Advanced Russian I (3)
Essential fine points of morphology and syntax; reading, translation, composition. Taught predominantly in Russian. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 202L or equivalent.

A Rus 302 Advanced Russian II (3)
Continuation of A Rus 301. Taught predominantly in Russian. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 301 or equivalent.

A Rus 311 Russian Conversation (3)
Advanced conversation in idiomatic, colloquial Russian; oral reports, free discussion; systematic practical phonetics; content reflecting everyday activities and current events. Taught in Russian. Three classes, two laboratories or drills each week. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 202L or equivalent.

A Rus 312 Russian Conversation: The Press (3)
Advanced conversation in idiomatic, colloquial Russian; oral reports, free discussion; content based on topics of current importance as reflected in the Russian language press. Taught in Russian. Three classes, one laboratory or drill each week. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 202L or equivalent.

A Rus 395 Field Instruction in Russian (2)
Supervised tutorial work at the University or other institutions in the instruction of Russian language and culture or in the teaching of English to native Russian speakers. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing, and permission of the undergraduate program director. S/U graded.

A Rus 397 Independent Study (1-6)
Directed reading and conferences on selected topics. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing, and permission of instructor and the undergraduate program director.

A Rus 401 Advanced Russian Grammar (3)
Careful review of problematic grammar topics, development of reading and analysis with particular attention to morphology and syntax, improvement of writing skills. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 302 or permission of instructor or the undergraduate program director.

A Rus 408 Translation into Russian (3)
Written translation and linear interpreting from English into Russian on a variety of subjects. Prerequisite(s): permission of instructor.

A Rus 411 Stylistics (2)
Theoretical foundations of stylistics; basic concepts of functional styles of language; lexical, grammatical, syntactic stylistics; analysis of individual styles and their accurate rendering in translation. Quarter course. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 302 or equivalent.

A Rus 412 Advanced Russian Conversation (3)
Continuation of A Rus 311 on a more advanced level. Three hours a week. Some laboratory and drill work. Semester course. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 311 or 312 or permission of chair.

Literature Courses in Russian

A Rus 421 Introduction to Literary Theory and Analysis (3)
Types of analysis; basic terms; basic theoretical approaches and their application. Detailed discussion of individual works to illustrate concepts, theories and methods. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 202L.

A Rus 422 Russian and Slavic Folklore and Mythology (3)
Introduction to popular customs and literature of Russian and Slavic peoples. Survey of main genres: fairy tale, epic narratives, songs, folk dramas, proverbs and sayings, charms and incantations. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 202L.

A Rus 423 History of Russian Drama and Theatre (3)
Survey of the Russian theatre and theatrical literature from its origins to the present. Main emphasis on plays of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (Fonvizin, Gogol, Pushkin, Ostrovsky, Chekhov, Mayakovsky, Gorky). Discussion of the role of the arts (music and painting) in the development of Russian theatre. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 202L.

A Rus 425 Russian Versification (2)
Basic concepts of verse analysis. Survey of verse systems in Russian poetry of the 18th- 20th centuries. Quarter course. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 301 or permission of instructor.

A Rus 426 Russian Nineteenth-Century Poetry(3)
Course will examine major representative poets representing pre-romanticism, romanticism, pre-realism, realism and aestheticism (or protosymbolism). Major poets include Krylov, Zhukovskij, Pushkin, Lermontov, Baratynskij, Tjutchev, Mekrasov and Fet. Distinguishing characteristics of literary schools will be examined against the background of Russia's cultural and political environment.

A Rus 427 Russian Twentieth-Century Poetry (3)
Course will survey major poets and schools, including Decadence, Symbolism, Acmeism, Futurism, Independent figures, Socialist Realism and subsequent trends. Poets include Sologub, Bal'mont, Brjusov, Bolk, Belyj, Gumilev, Axmatova, Cvetaeva, Majakovskij, Xlebnikov, Zabolockij, Vysockij and Brodskij. Writers and schools will be studied with major cultural and political developments of the times. S/U graded.

A Rus 428 Pushkin's Evgenij Onegin (2)
Reading of Pushkin's novel in verse in the Russian original as well as major secondary and critical works. Prerequisite(s): A Rus 301 or permission of instructor.

A Rus 470 Structure of a Slavic Language (3)
Study of the structure of a Slavic language other than Russian, or occasionally, a non- Indo-European language of Eastern Europe or the former USSR. May be repeated for credit in a different language: Bulgarian, Old Church Slavonic, Czech, Polish, Romanian, Serbo-Croatian, Ukrainian.

Courses in Polish

A Pol 101L Elementary Polish (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
Beginner's course with audio-lingual approach: fundamentals of language structure and sounds; emphasis on correct pronunciation. Four classes, two laboratories each week. Native speakers of Polish may not take this course without permission of chair.

A Pol 102L Intermediate Polish (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
After completion of structural study, emphasis is given to reading in conjunction with a continuation of the audio-lingual method. Four classes, two laboratories each week. Prerequisite(s): A Pol 101 or equivalent. Native speakers of Polish may not take this course without permission of chair.

A Ukr 101L Elementary Ukrainian I (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
Introduction to the fundamentals of Ukrainian grammar and basic vocabulary through extensive classroom drills, graded readings and translation. Systematic attention to essentials of pronunciation. Four classes each week.

A Ukr 102L Elementary Ukrainian II (4)
General Education: CHP & HA
Continuation of A Ukr 101L. Four classes a week. Some laboratory work. Prerequisite(s): A Ukr 101L or permission of chair.