Survey of the diverse pre-Columbian and New World societies and cultures of Spanish and Portuguese America from the pre-conquest period to the present. Broadly interdisciplinary introduction to the historical development of Latin American society, culture, politics, and economics with a special emphasis on elements such as race, gender, and class. A Lcs 100Z and A His 140Z are the writing intensive versions of A Lcs 100 or A His 140. Only one of A Lcs 100, A Lcs 100Z, A His 140, and A His 140Z may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): Any course in Latin American Studies and/or Women’s Studies and/or History. [BE]

A Lcs 100Z Cultures of Latin America (3)

A Lcs 100Z is the writing intensive version of A Lcs 100; only one may be taken for credit. [WI] [BE]

A Lcs 102 (= A His 170) Introduction to Caribbean History (3)

An introduction to the history of culture contact in the Caribbean from the pre-Columbian Arawaks and Caribs, through the infusion of European and African cultures, to the emergence of the leadership of the United States in 1898. Special emphasis on the social and economic development of the plantation system, the intercontinental trade system, slavery, and the struggle for abolition and self-determination. Only one of A Lcs 102 & A His 170 may be taken for credit. [BE]

A Lcs 103 Introduction to Afro-Brazilian Culture (3)

An introduction to the processes of formation and transformation of Afro-Brazilian Culture as a component of Brazilian national identity. Black cultural production and its connections to the black Atlantic world, and the diaspora will be emphasized. [BE]

A Lcs 115 (= A Por 115) Portuguese and Brazilian Culture and Society (3)

Survey of culture and society in the Portuguese-speaking world, including Brazil, Portugal, and Portuguese Africa. Includes the development of typical customs and institutions with special attention to folklore, music, painting, and architecture. Utilizes visual and recorded materials. Conducted in English. Only one of A Lcs 115 & A Por 115 may be taken for credit. May not be offered in 2006-2007.

A Lcs 145 (= A Ant 145 and A His 145) Continuity and Change in Latin America (3)

Introduction to the historical development of Latin America’s diverse cultural heritage and to its contemporary institutions and civilization. Broadly interdisciplinary perspective reflecting diverse approaches and fields. Only one of A Lcs 145, A Ant 145, & A His 145 may be taken for credit. [BE]

A Lcs 150 (= A Ant 146) Puerto Rico: People, History and Culture (3)

Survey of Puerto Rican culture on the island from the pre-Hispanic era to the 20th century. Special emphasis on the change of sovereignty in 1898, the national question, class and culture, and migration. A Lcs 150Z & A Ant 146Z are writing intensive versions of A Lcs 150 & A Ant 146; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 150Z (= A Ant 146Z) Puerto Rico: People, History and Culture (3)

A Lcs 150Z & A Ant 146Z are writing intensive versions of A Lcs 150 & A Ant 146; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit. [WI]

A Lcs 165 (= A Jst 165) Jews and the Secular Descendants of Jews in Latin America (3)

This course aims to document how Jews and their descendants succeeded in preserving their culture (including their religious culture) as well as their secular identities (however they preferred to identify themselves) in a world in Latin America that promised to be new but that maintained many familiar prejudices of the Old World. The course is divided into three chronological sections, and it proceeds geographically by region in each section from Central America to South America through the islands of the Caribbean. Section one examines the Colonial Period (from 1492 to the beginning of Independence in 1810). Section two covers the period of Early Independence (from 1810 to the beginning of World War I). Section three deals with the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The readings for the course provide a cultural history of all periods, while the course lectures place emphasis on individual biographies that typify the main characteristics of each period.

A Lcs 201 Hispanic Cultures in the United States (3)

Intensive examination of Hispanic American society. Major Hispanic groups (e.g., Puerto Ricans, Mexican-Americans, Cubans) will be studied with emphasis on interaction between these groups and mainstream society, culture and value change in contact situations, and efforts to deal with prejudice and discrimination. [DP]

A Lcs 201Z Hispanic Cultures in the United States (3)

A Lcs 201Z is the writing intensive version of A Lcs 201; only one may be taken for credit. [DP WI]

A Lcs 203 Afro-Latin America (3)

The course will present a panorama of blackness in Latin America by examining aspects of its history and contemporary dynamics. Employing theories from Anthropology and Cultural Studies, the course will analyze the inclusion of peoples of African descent in national identities and discourses. We will examine both those countries, such as Brazil and Cuba, which highlight the presence of blacks in their narratives of the nation, as well as such countries as Mexico, Ecuador, and Nicaragua, which overlook the participation of Afro-descendants in the construction of their national discourses. We will analyze the “myths of foundation” of Latin American nations, such as “racial democracy” in Brazil, “transculturation” in Cuba, and the “cosmic race” in Mexico and how these myths are connected to ideas of gender, “race”, “race” mixing, blackness and whiteness. We will also assess the relationship between blacks and the many other ethic groups within Latin American nations, and investigate transnational black connections on the American continent. [BE]

A Lcs 216 (= A Mus 216) Music and Society in Latin America: Past and Present (3)

This course will deal with two basic issues: the evolution of musical thought throughout Latin America from pre-Hispanic times to the present, and the relationship between musical manifestations and the prevailing social order in which those activities took place. A Lcs 216Z & A Mus 216Z are the writing intensive versions of A Lcs 216 and A Mus 216; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit. [AR; DP if taken before Fall 2004; HU] [BE]

A Lcs 216Z (= A Mus 216Z) Music and Society in Latin America: Past and Present (4)

A Mus 216Z and A Lcs 216Z are the writing intensive versions of A Mus 216 and A Lcs 216; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit. [AR, BE, WI]

A Lcs 225/W/Y/Z (=A Soc 225/W/Y/Z) Global Migration and Transnationalism (3)

The course is an introduction to global and regional migration patterns since the sixteenth century with a concentration on post-World War II patterns. It has three modules: (1) Introduces basic concepts and approaches related to migration studies; (2) Examines global and regional historical patterns and major forces shaping them since the sixteenth century; (3) Emphasizes strategies launched by individuals, households, and enterprises related to the process of international migration. Geographically, the course covers several areas of the world, including the Americas, Western and Eastern Europe, and South East Asia. [GC]

A Lcs 229 Special Topics in Latin American and Caribbean Studies (3)

The specific topic will be selected by the instructor and will vary from semester to semester as indicated by course subtitle. May be repeated for up to six credits under different subtitles.

A Lcs 231 Special Topics in Latino Studies (3)

The specific topic will be selected by the instructor and will vary from semester to semester as indicated by course subtitle. May be repeated for up to six credits under different subtitles.

A Lcs 233 (= A Ant 233) Aztecs, Incas and Mayas (3)

Introductory survey of the archaeology and ethnohistory of the three best-known indigenous civilizations of the New World. Each is presented in terms of prehistoric background and evolution, social organization, politics and economics, religion and art. Consideration is given to the Spanish conquest of these groups and to their modern legacies. Only one of A Lcs 233 & A Ant 233 may be taken for credit. [BE]

A Lcs 240 (= A Aas 240 & A Wss 240)/ A Lcs 240Z (= A Aas 240Z & A Wss 240Z) Classism, Racism and Sexism: Issues (3)

Analyzes the connections between and among classism, racism and sexism, their mutually reinforcing nature, and the tensions arising from their interrelations. Particular attention will be given to the ideological and personal aspects of these phenomena, as well as to their institutional guises in American society. A Lcs 240Z is the writing intensive version of A Lcs 240; only one of A Lcs/Aas/Wss 240/240Z may be taken for credit. [240 = DP][240Z = DP WI]

A Lcs 250 (= A Gog 250) Geography of Latin America (3)

An introduction to the geographical diversity of Latin America, reviewing the Continent’s physical features, natural resources, societies, economies and politics, and relating them to its history and cultural traditions. Particular attention will be given to rural and urban living conditions, social and regional inequalities, population distribution, internal and international migration, and socioeconomic development issues. A Lcs 250Z & A Gog 250Z are writing intensive versions of A Lcs 250 & A Gog 250; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit. May not be offered in 2006-2007.

A Lcs 250Z (= A Gog 250Z) Geography of Latin America (3)

A Lcs 250Z & A Gog 250Z are writing intensive versions of A Lcs 250 & A Gog 250; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit. May not be offered in 2006-2007. [WI]

A Lcs 268 (= A Ant 268) Ethnology of Pre-Columbian Art (3)

Survey of pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican arts and architecture for the reconstruction of pre-Columbian culture, history, religion, symbolism, and ritual. Stresses interrelationships of New World cultures, art styles, and worldview. and on ethnological techniques for iconographic interpretations. Only one of A Lcs 268 & A Ant 268 may be taken for credit. May not be offered in 2006-2007. [AR HU]

A Lcs 269 (= A Aas 269 and Ant 269) The Caribbean: Peoples, History, and Culture (3)

Peoples, history and cultures of the 20th century Caribbean, with special emphasis on responses to colonialism and nationalism. Only one of A Lcs 269, A Aas 269, & A Ant 269 may be taken for credit. [BE]

A Lcs 282 (= A Soc 282) Race and Ethnicity (3)

Study of religion, race, and nationality conflicts in American society. Reactions of minority to majority; changing patterns of minority relationships; efforts to deal with prejudice and discrimination. Only one of A Lcs 282 & A Soc 282 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Soc 115. [DP SS]

A Lcs 289 (= A Soc 289) Special Topics in Ethnicity (1–3)

Intensive examination of the culture and lifestyle of a single ethnic group within American society. The specific ethnic group varies from term to term and is indicated by course subtitle: e.g., Ethnicity; Italian Americans. A Lcs 289 and A Soc 289 can be repeated, but the total credits earned may not exceed 6 credits under different subtitles. Departmental permission required for more than 6 credits. Prerequisite(s): A Soc 115.

A Lcs 302 (= A Spn 322) Latinos(as) en Estados Unidos (3)

Examination of major U.S. Latino groups (Mexican-American, Cuban, Puerto Rican Dominican) with special emphasis on 20th century literary works. Students will study demographic, socio-economic, historical and cultural aspects of these groups in the context of their interaction with mainstream society. Course will be given in Spanish. Only one of A Lcs 302 or A Spn 322 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223 or 301 or placement. [DP]

A Lcs 312 (= A Por 312) Introduction to Brazilian Literature (3)

Survey of Brazilian literature from the colonial period to the present. Selected readings, discussions, and reports on collateral study. Only one of A Lcs 312 & A Por 312 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Por 207 or permission of instructor. May not be offered in 2006-2007.

A Lcs 314 (= A Spn 318) Topics in Hispanic Film (3)

A study of Hispanic film as a medium that offers a unique amalgam of diverse musical, pictorial, and literary art forms within a sociopolitical context. The course will focus on such specific topics as peasant movements, human rights, images of women, race, and ethnicity. Only one of A Lcs 314 and A Spn 318 may be taken for credit in any semester. Either may be repeated once for credit, with a change in topic. Consult current schedule of classes for topic. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223 or permission of instructor. May not be offered in 2006-2007.

A Lcs 315 (formerly A Lcs 315) Film in Contemporary Latin America (3)

Study of culture and society in Latin America as revealed through film. Emphasis on the use of film, especially in the “new cinema” movements, as an instrument for social and political change. History and current trends of cinema in selected countries. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 100 or 100Z or 145, or permission of instructor. May not be offered in 2006-2007. [AR HU]

A Lcs 316 (= A Spn 316) Representative Spanish-American Authors (3)

Survey of literary movements in Spanish America from independence to World War II. Only one of A Lcs 316 & A Spn 316 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223.

A Lcs 317 (= A Spn 317) Latin American Civilization (3)

Study of Spanish-American cultures and institutions from the beginnings of the 20th century. Only one of A Lcs 317 & A Spn 317 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 207 or equivalent.

A Lcs 318 (= A Por 318) Introduction to Brazilian Cinema (3)

Survey of Brazilian cinema, emphasizing the social and cultural dimensions of selected major films, including some which represent the “new cinema” movement. Course includes viewings, discussions, readings and written work. Only one of A Por 318 & A Lcs 318 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing, or permission of instructor. May not be offered in 2006-2007.

A Lcs 319 (= A Spn 320) Twentieth-Century Spanish American Literature (3)

A study of selected works of Spanish American literature from World War II to the present. Works studied will deal with topics of special interest such as the continuing debate with regard to civilization and barbarism, dictatorship and revolution, social justice, and the search for identity. Only one of A Lcs 319 & A Spn 320 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223.

A Lcs 321 (= A Eas 321 and A Gog 321) Exploring the Multicultural City (3)

This course will explore the human dimensions and implications of ethnic diversity in the United States, focusing on New York City. The course utilizes a variety of methods to introduce students to the multicultural city, beginning in the classroom but ending with fieldwork in a specific New York neighborhood. A Lcs 321 is equivalent in content to A Eas 321 and A Gog 321; only one of the three courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 102 or 102Z; or A Gog 120Z, or 125; A Gog 160 or 160Z; or A Gog 220; or A Gog 240. [OD SS]. May not be offered in 2006-2007.

A Lcs 326 (= A Spn 326) Spanish-American Poetry and Theatre (3)

Representative Spanish-American plays and selected works in Spanish-American poetry, with emphasis on specific characteristics of the genres. Only one of A Lcs 326 & A Spn 326 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223.

A Lcs 327 (formerly A Lcs 275) Four Caribbean Writers (3–4)

An introduction to the literature of the Caribbean and to the methods of literary analysis. Writers will be grouped around an essential, universal theme: for example, Claude McKay, Vidia Naipaul, Derek Walcott and Jamaica Kincaid around the theme of homelessness.

A Lcs 327Z Four Caribbean Writers (4)

A Lcs 327Z is the writing intensive version of A Lcs 327. Only one may be taken for credit. [WI]

A Lcs 329 Special Topics in Puerto Rican Studies (3)

Intensive interdisciplinary examination of a specific aspect on contemporary Puerto Rican Studies. The topic varies from term to term and is indicated every term by the subtitle: e.g. Nineteenth century Agrarian Society or the Political Status Debate or the Migrant Experience. May be repeated for up to 6 credits under different subtitles. Departmental permission required for more than 6 credits. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 150. 150Z or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 330 Special Topics in Latin American and Caribbean Studies (3)

The specific topic will be selected by the instructor and will vary from semester to semester as indicated by course subtitle. May be repeated for up to six credits under different subtitles.

A Lcs 331 Special Topics in Latino Studies (3)

The specific topic will be selected by the instructor and will vary from semester to semester as indicated by course subtitle. May be repeated for up to six credits under different subtitles.

A Lcs 341 (= A Ant 341) Ethnology of Mesoamerica (3)

Survey of the cultures and history of the native peoples of Mexico and Central America. Beginning with the documents created by and about the native peoples around the time of the Spanish invasion, the course follows the experiences of these societies through the colonial period and up to the present. A Ant 341Z & A Lcs 341Z are the writing intensive versions of A Ant 341 & A Lcs 341; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Ant 100 or 200 or 200ZG. Offered spring semester. [BE]

A Lcs 341Z (= A Ant 341Z) Ethnology of Mesoamerica (3)

A Ant 341Z & A Lcs 341Z are the writing intensive versions of A Ant 341 & A Lcs 341; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Ant 100 or 200 or 200Z. Offered spring semester. [BE WI]

A Lcs 348 Social Change in Latin America (3)

Changing class structure, ethnic composition and culture of contemporary Latin American nations. Only one of A Lcs 348 & A Soc 348 may be taken for credit.

A Lcs 349 (= A Pos 349) Urban Politics in Latin America (3)

This course examines from a theoretical and historical perspective the context and character of politics and political participation in major Latin American urban cities.

A Lcs 354 (= A Gog 354) Environment & Development (3)

A survey of international development issues, focusing on the impact of economic growth, population growth, and increased consumption of natural resources on global and local environments. This course focuses primarily on the poorer countries of the world, and particularly on tropical environments. It discusses issues of deforestation, desertification, and increased vulnerability to man-made and natural hazards. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 101 or 102 or 102Z, or permission of instructor. May not be offered in 2006-2007.

A Lcs 354Z (= A Gog 354Z) Caribbean Environment & Development (3)

Survey and analysis of problems of development and the environment in the Caribbean. Topics covered include the relationship of the region’s colonial legacy to present-day underdeveloped and ecological degradation; environmental consequences of various strategies of development; prospects for alternatives such as sustainable development and regional integration. A Lcs 354Z and A Gog 354Z are the writing intensive versions of A Lcs 354 and A Gog 354; only one of the four courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Gog 101, or A Gog 102 or 102Z, or A Gog 250 or A Lcs 250, or A Lcs 102, or A Lcs 269, or permission of instructor. May not be offered in 2006-2007. [WI]

A Lcs 357 Latin American & Caribbean Politics (3)

The course will examine the current process and societies in the hemisphere. Emphasis will be on Latin America and the Caribbean with implications of globalization for all workers and societies of the Americas. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 100 or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 358 Globalization and Culture in the Americas (3)

This course examines the trajectories of the processes of globalization since the European colonial expansion in the Americas to the present. An emphasis is placed on the concepts of culture and identity, relations of power and domination in a postcolonial world, racism, international migration, and transnational social movements. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 100 or permission of the instructor.

A Lcs 359 Workers & Globalization in the Americas (3)

This course explores the following questions: How is “globalization” changing the lives of male and female workers in Latin America and the Caribbean? What links the expansion of global markets and global production networks, to the restructuring of workplaces, households and communities throughout Latin American and the Caribbean? What types of strategies are Latin American workers using to defend living standards and assert their rights in the emerging context of globalization? [GC]

A Lcs 360 Political Economy of the Caribbean (3)

An intensive evaluation of political and economic forces as they have shaped the Caribbean region during the 20th century. particularly the period since World War II. Special attention given to social conflicts and political movements, population growth and migration, urbanization, problems of industry and agriculture, economic planning, education, and superpower confrontations. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 269. May not be offered in 2006-2007.

A Lcs 361 (= A Eco 361) Development of the Latin American Economy (3)

Economic change in Latin American societies. Comparative study of the growth of various Latin American countries emphasizing the variables associated with development: population, technology, capital formation, output, resources, and income distribution. Only one of A Lcs 361 & A Eco 361 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Eco 110 and 111.

A Lcs 369 (= A His 369) Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies since 1810 (3)

The circum-Caribbean lands and islands in the 19th and 20th centuries; independence; independent nations and colonies; foreign intrusions and interventions; social and economic change; revolutions; comparative Caribbean studies. A His 369Z is the writing intensive version of A His 369 & A Lcs 369; only one of the three courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing, or 3 credits in history. [BE]

A Lcs 371 (= A His 371) South America Since 1810 (3)

The political, economic, social. and cultural evolution of the South American nations from the winning of independence to the present. with emphasis on Argentina. Brazil, and Chile. Among topics studied will be dictatorship, democratic government, economic change, modern revolution, and social trends. Only one of A Lcs 371 & A His 371 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing. or 3 credits in history. [BE]

A Lcs 371Z (= A His 371Z) South America since 1810 (3)

A His 371Z is the writing intensive version of A His 371 and A Lcs 371; only one of the three courses may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing or three credits in history. [BE]

A Lcs 374 International Migration and Transnationalism (3)

This course discusses basic concepts and theories related to the study of migration and transnationalism. It discusses, among others issues, the following: Why do people move internationally following certain patterns? Why and how do they develop transnational relations? How do migration and transnationalism relate to economic, cultural, political and social processes, and social agency? How do they relate to some gender, class, and ethnic factors? What are some of the global, regional, national, and individual implications of migration and transnationalism? What are the implications for households and enterprises?

A Lcs 375 (= R Pos 324) Latino Politics in the United States (3)

This course reviews Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban participation, perspectives and issues on American politics. Each Latino sub-group will be analyzed and comparisons will be made between Latino sub-groups and between Latinos and other groups. The following questions will be examined: What is the context of Latino politics? What characterizes Latino political behavior? What is the place of Latinos in the U.S. political system? What are the political perspectives and values? What issues form the basis of their political mobilization and incorporation? What are their political prospects? We will be concerned with relevant historical, interpretive, and theoretical issues raised by the Latino political experience, with an emphasis on electoral representation, issues of gender, race and ethnicity, education, affirmative action, and radical politics. Only one of A Lcs 375 and R Pos 324 may be taken for credit. [DP]

A Lcs 400 Interdisciplinary Research Seminar in Latin American and Caribbean Studies (3)

An interdisciplinary approach to research in area studies on Latin America and the Caribbean. Special emphasis will be placed on research methods in the Social Sciences and the Humanities and how these methods have been applied by leading Latin American Scholars. Central themes will be selected and the approaches and conclusions of different disciplines will be compared and contrasted. A Lcs 400 is a requirement for all LACS upper division majors.

A Lcs 402 Latinos and Health Issues (3)

This course provides an overview of a broad range of issues related to the health status of Latinos in the United States such as the influence of culture, class, and gender on health care, access to health services, patterns of chronic disease, mental health concerns, family and child health. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 201. May not be offered in 2006-2007.

A Lcs 403 Special Topics in Latin American Studies (2–3)

The specific topic will be selected by the instructor and will vary from semester to semester as indicated by course subtitle. May be repeated for up to 6 credits under different subtitles. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 400 or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 405 Special Topics in Caribbean Studies (3)

An intensive examination of social, economic, political, and cultural issues which affect contemporary Caribbean life and society. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 400 or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 406 Leaders and Societies of the English-Speaking Islands (3)

An examination of the emergence from an island society of leaders capable of confronting the British legacy of post-colonial island nations. Designed to sharpen research and writing skills. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 100, 102 or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 407 Three Island Revolutions (3)

An in-depth analysis of the revolutions of Haiti (1791), Cuba (1959), and Grenada (1979). Designed to sharpen research and writing skills. Prerequisite(s): A Lcs 100, 102 or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 410 Tourism, Culture, and Identities (3)

An in-depth interdisciplinary examination of tourism in relation to culture and its impact on the identities of both hosts and guests. Some of the questions to be explored include the role of tourism in the formation of regional, national, and transnational identities, how tourism reflects global inequities, and the impact it has on local Latin American communities. This course is open only to juniors and seniors.

A Lcs 414 (= A Spn 414) Literature of the Hispanic Caribbean (3)

Study of selected major writers of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico of the 19th and 20th centuries. Special consideration of literature as a reflection of situations and problems peculiar to the Hispanic Caribbean. Conducted in Spanish. Only one of A Lcs 414 & A Spn 414 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): A Spn 223

A Lcs 415 Los Latinos en EE.UU.: Historia, Cultura, y Literatura (3)

A study of the historical, cultural, and socioeconomic development of U.S. Latino groups. Emphasis on the experiences of Puerto Ricans, Cubans, Dominicans, and Mexicans. Particular attention will be given to how gender, race ethnicity, and class shape the U.S. Latino experience. Prerequisite(s): Knowledge of Spanish at the 300 level or above is required.

A Lcs 430Z (=A Wss 430Z) Environmental Justice: Racism, Classism, Sexism (3)
In Environmental Justice: Racism, Classism, and Sexism, we will explore how racism, classism, and sexism impact current environmental “events,” including environmental policy-making, public health outcomes, and the rhetoric and politics of environmentalism. Surveying the development of environmental awareness among the public, philosophies behind such awarenesses, and resulting shifts in policy, we will focus on the growth of the environmental justice movement, and will consider how various groups have addressed environmental degradation and injustice. Also under consideration will be a set of related issues: how globalization has impacted these events, the feminist critique of science and its impact, relationships between grass-roots activism (for example, native American activists and other Environmental Justice groups) and between these groups and more scholarly approaches, and contributions by artists, labor-rights groups, religious leaders, animal rights activists, and deep ecologists. Prerequisite(s): Students, at whatever level, are welcome. The requirements will differ for graduate and undergraduate students. For example, graduate students will be reading more theoretical articles, and will be responsible for explaining these to the undergraduate students. In addition, graduate students will be required to submit a final research paper that is much longer (12-20 pages) than that required for undergraduate students.

A Lcs 450 Legislative Internship (3-6)

Internships involving off-campus participation in the NYS Legislature, with collateral academic study. Contingent on the approval of a faculty member of the Department of Latin American and Caribbean Studies willing to supervise the study and evaluate on-site reports of the student's progress. Students must apply two weeks prior to the start of the academic term, and are subject to an interview and selection process. Internships are open only to qualified juniors and seniors who have an overall grade point average of 2.50 or higher. Prerequisite(s): open to students of any major. Bilingual and multicultural skills will prove particularly useful since students will be working with legislative members of the NYS Assembly Puerto Rican/Hispanic Task Force. S/U graded.

A Lcs 451 (= A His 451 & A Wss 451) Gender & Class in Latin American Development (3)

The study of the historical interplay of cultural, ideological, and structural factors affecting women’s lives during the course of Latin America’s experience with modernization and industrialization during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Topics covered may include: household work, paid work, migration, growth of female- headed households, women’s political participation, and women’s participation in social movements. Only one of A Lcs 451 and A Wss 451 and A 451 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): any course in Latin American Studies and/or Women’s Studies and/or History.

A Lcs 475 Caribbean Migration (3)

The focus of the course is post-World War II migration between the Caribbean and the United States—in particular migration from Cuba, the West Indies, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. The material is interdisciplinary in nature, though highlighting approaches from the fields of economics, sociology, political science, and history. The major topics include (1) Migration theory; (2) U.S. migration policy—its impact on receiving and sending populations; (3) a socio-historical background to post-war Caribbean Migration; and (4) specific migrations from Cuba, the West Indies, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. Shared resources with A Lcs 575. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing; or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 491 (= A Ant 481) Research Projects (3–6)

Introduction to basic research skills required to answer questions on human behavior, with special emphasis on cross-cultural interaction. Specific research projects provide students with the basic research methods, including data collection, processing, and analysis. Only one of A Lcs 491 & A Ant 481 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior class standing or permission of instructor.

A Lcs 497 Independent Study (3–6)

Independent study in an area of special interest to the student under the supervision of the sponsoring faculty member. May be repeated for up to 6 credits. Prerequisite(s): permission of instructor and department chair.