CESD-R

Habits and Lifestyles Laboratory

University at Albany, SUNY

HOME :: LAB MEMBERS :: BOOKS :: LINKS

Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale - Revised (CESD-R)

The Habits and Lifestyles Laboratory recently published a manuscript exploring the psychometric properites of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale - Revised (CESD-R). With exception of our paper and the chapter by William Eaton and colleagues in which it was originally introduced, little information is available. The CESD-R reflects DSM-IV diagnostic critieria for a depressive episode and is an overhaul of the original CES-D. Although Eaton and colleagues suggest that the traditional cut-score of 16+ can be used to identify a depressive case, we have generated an algorithm that can identify "probable depression" based on the DSM-IV algorithmic process itself. Below you will find a copy of the CESD-R, SPSS syntax for the algorithmic classificaiton scheme, and appropriate references for the scale and validation.

CESD-R

SPSS Syntax for Determining a Probable Depressive Case

*/This syntax computes a “probable depressive case” based on DSM-IV criteria
for a depressive episode. Prior to using this syntax, total score for the CESD-R
must be computed with a variable name of CESDR_Tot. Total score is used as a
screening variable in the first step. Additionally, users must ensure individual response
options have been coded on a 0 to 4 scale./*

*/Screen by Completion of All CESD-R items/*
RECODE CESDR_Tot (SYSMIS=0) (ELSE=1) INTO ScreenComp.
USE ALL.
COMPUTE filter_$=(ScreenComp = 1).
VARIABLE LABEL filter_$ 'ScreenComp = 1 (FILTER)'.
VALUE LABELS filter_$ 0 'Not Selected' 1 'Selected'.
FORMAT filter_$ (f1.0).
FILTER BY filter_$.
EXECUTE .

*/Determination of Anhedonia/Dysphoria Symptoms Almost Every Day for 2 Weeks/*
RECODE CESDR2 CESDR4 CESDR6 CESDR8 CESDR10 CESDR14 (4=1) (0 thru 3=0) INTO CritA2 CritA4 CritA6 CritA8 CritA10 CritA14.
EXECUTE.

*/Determination of 4 Additional Symptoms Occuring on a Near Daily Basis/*
RECODE CESDR1 CESDR2 CESDR3 CESDR4 CESDR5 CESDR6 CESDR7 CESDR8 CESDR9 CESDR10 CESDR11 CESDR12 CESDR13 CESDR14 CESDR15 CESDR16 CESDR17 CESDR18 CESDR19 CESDR20 (3 thru 4=1) (0 thru 2=0)
INTO CritB1 CritB2 CritB3 CritB4 CritB5 CritB6 CritB7 CritB8 CritB9 CritB10 CritB11 CritB12 CritB13 CritB14 CritB15 CritB16 CritB17 CritB18 CritB19 CritB20.
IF (CritA2 = 1) CritC2=CritB1 + CritB3 + CritB4 + CritB5 + CritB6 + CritB7 +CritB8 +CritB9 +CritB10 +CritB11+CritB12+CritB13+CritB14 +CritB15 +CritB16 +CritB17+CritB18 +CritB19 +CritB20.
IF (CritA4 = 1) CritC4=CritB1 + CritB2 + CritB3 + CritB5 + CritB6 + CritB7 +CritB8 +CritB9 +CritB10 +CritB11+CritB12+CritB13+CritB14 +CritB15 +CritB16 +CritB17+CritB18 +CritB19+CritB20.
IF (CritA6 = 1) CritC6=CritB1 + CritB2 + CritB3 + CritB4 + CritB5 + CritB7 +CritB8 +CritB9 +CritB10 +CritB11+CritB12+CritB13+CritB14 +CritB15 +CritB16 +CritB17+CritB18 +CritB19+CritB20.
IF (CritA8 = 1) CritC8=CritB1 + CritB2 + CritB3 + CritB4 + CritB5 + CritB6 +CritB7 +CritB9 +CritB10 +CritB11+CritB12+CritB13+CritB14 +CritB15 +CritB16 +CritB17+CritB18 +CritB19+CritB20.
IF (CritA10 = 1) CritC10=CritB1 + CritB2 + CritB3 + CritB4 + CritB5 + CritB6 +CritB7 +CritB8 +CritB9 +CritB11+CritB12+CritB13+CritB14 +CritB15 +CritB16 +CritB17+CritB18 +CritB19+CritB20.
IF (CritA14 = 1) CritC14=CritB1 + CritB2 + CritB3 + CritB4 + CritB5 + CritB6 +CritB7 +CritB8 +CritB9 +CritB10+CritB11+CritB12+CritB13 +CritB15 +CritB16 +CritB17+CritB18 +CritB19+CritB20.
COMPUTE CritD=Max(CritC2,CritC4,CritC6,CritC8,CritC10,CritC14).
EXECUTE.

*/Classification of “Probably Depressive” Cases/*
DO IF (filter_$ = 1).
RECODE CritD (SYSMIS=0) (0 thru 3=0) (4 thru Highest=1) INTO DeprCase.
END IF.
EXECUTE.
DELETE VARIABLES ScreenComp TO CritD.
EXECUTE.

REFERENCES

Scale
Eaton, W. W., Smith, C., Ybarra, M., Muntaner, C., Tien, A. (2004). Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: review and revision (CESD and CESD-R). In ME Maruish
(Ed.). The Use of Psychological Testing for Treatment Planning and Outcomes Assessment (3rd Ed.), Volume 3: Instruments for Adults, pp. 363-377. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Validation and Syntax
Van Dam, N. T. & Earleywine, M. (2011). Validation of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale - Revised (CESD-R):
Pragmatic depression assessment in the general population. Psychiatry Research, 182, 128-132. ,