18. PREDATION, FOOD AND FEEDING HABITS, NUTRITION STUDIES
18.001 Allen, D. L. 1979. How wolves kill. Natural History, 88(5) 46-51. WR 190:67 ZR 116(19):425 18.002 Almasan, H., G. Scarlatescu, V., N. Nesterov, and L. Manolache. 1970. Contribution to the knowledgeof the feeding behavior of Canis lupus in the Romanian Carpathian Mountains. Pages 523-529 in Transactions of the IX International dress of Game Biologists (A. G. Bannikov, ed.). Moscow. [in French; Russian summary] WR 144:54 WR 164:41 18.003 Anonymous. 1970. Hunters no match for Canis lupus. National Parks and Conservation Magazine, 44(275):28. ZR 107(19):3 18.004 Anonymous. 1974. Wolf food lures in Italy. Levende Natuur, 77(6):144. [in Danish] ZR 111(19):3 18.005 Badridze, Ya. K. 1985. Onthogenesis of feeding behavior. Pages 497-501 in The Wolf. History, Systematics, Morphology, Ecology (D. I. Bibikov, ed.). Nauka, Moscow, USSR. [in Russian] ZR 123(19):573 18.006 Badridze, Ya. K. 1987. Food behavior of the wolf. Metsniereba, Tbilisi, Georgian SSR. [in Russian] OCLC 18.007 Ballard, W. B., C. L. Gardner, and S. D. Miller. 1980. Influence of predators on summer movements of moose in southcentral Alaska. Pages 338-359 in Proceeding of the North American Moose Conference and Workshop, no. 16. St. John's Newfoundland, Canada. WR 189:105 18.008 Ballard, W. B., T. Spraker, S. Eide, K. P. Taylor, A. W. Franzmann, A. Flynn, and J. C. Schlotthauer. 1979. Big game investigation. Wolf populations and movements in relation to those prey species. Wolf food habits. Impact of wolf predation upon ungulate populations. Project Pros Report, no. 2. Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK. ZR 116(19):638 18.009 Bergerud, A. T. 1974. Decline of caribou in North America following settlement. Journal of Wildlife Management, 38:757-770. BA 60:19197 18.010 Bergerud, A. T. 1983. The natural population control of caribou. Pages 14-61 in Symposium on Natural Population Regulation of Wildlife Populations (F. L. Bunnell, D. S. Eastman, and J. M. Peek, eds.). University of Idaho, Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, Moscow, ID. ZR 123(19):853 18.011 Bergerud, A. T. 1985. Antipredator strategies of caribou: Dispersion along shorelines. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63:1324-1329. BA 81:12506 WR 199:117 ZR 122(19):654 18.012 Bergerud, A. T., H. E. Butler, and D. R. Miller. 1984. Antipredator tactics of calving caribou (Rangifer tarandus): Dispersion in the mountains. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62:1566-1575. BA 79:11584 ZR 121(19):704 18.013 Bergerud, A. T., and J. P. Elliot. 1986. Dynamics of caribou and wolves in northern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64:1515-1529. BA 82:110491 WR 204:38 ZR 123(19):852 18.014 Bergerud, A. T. and R. E. Page. 1987. Displacement and dispersion of parturient caribou at calving as antipredator tactics. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65:1597-1606. BA 85:25191 ZR 124(19):863 18.015 Bergerud, A. T., W. Wyett, and B. Snider. 1983. The role of wolf predation in limiting a moose population. Journal of Wildlife Management, 47:977-988. BA 77:74289 WR 192:33 ZR 120(19):729 18.016 Bibikov, D. I., A. N. Kudaktin, and L. S. Ryabov. 1985. Synathropic wolves: Distribution, ecology. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 64:429-441. [in Russian; English and Russian summaries] BA 80:94221 18.016a Bishop, R. H. and R. A. Rausch. 1974. Moose population fluctuations in Alaska, 1950-1972. Naturaliste Canadien, 101:559-593. 18.017 Bisht, R. S. and S. P. Bhatnagar. 1979. Some insects, mammals, and birds feeding on Lantana camara in Klumaon, India. Indian Journal of Entomology, 41(2):196-197. BI 19:20885 ZR 120(19):817 18.018 Bjarvall, A. and E. Isakson. 1985. Six Swedish wolves are rescued. Sveriges Natur, 76(4):32-35 [in Swedish] ZR 122(19):735 18.019 Bjarvall, A. and E. Nilsson. 1976. Surplus-killing of reindeer by wolves. Journal of Mammalogy, 57:585. WR 163:20 ZR 113(19):18 18.020 Bjorge, R. R. 1983. Mortality of cattle on two types of grazing areas in northwestern Alberta. Journal of Range Management, 36:20-21. RLIN 18.021 Bjorge, R. R. and J. R. Gunson. 1983. Wolf predation of cattle on the Simonette River pastures in northwestern Alberta. Pages 106-111 in Wolves in Canada and Alaska; Canadian Wildlife Service art Series no. 45 (L. N. Carbyn, ed.). Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. CA 83:225 WR 201:90 ZR 120(19):830 18.022 Boles, B. K. 1977. Predation by wolves on wolverines. Canadian Field- Naturalist, 91:68-69. BI 78:13528 WR 166:26 ZR 114(19):26 18.023 Bromley, R. G. 1973. Fishing behavior of a wolf on the Taltson River, Northwest Territories. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 87:301-303. BA 57:58537 ZR 110(19):27 18.024 Brtek, L. and J. Voskar. 1987. Food biology of the wolf in Slovak Carpathians. Biologia (Bratislava), 42:985-990. [in Czech; English and Russian summaries] BA 85:109388 WR 209:52 ZR 124(19):1278 18.025 Buskirk, S. W. and P. S. Gipson. 1978. Characteristics of wolf attacks on moose in Mount McKinley National Park, Alaska. Arctic, 31:499-502. BA 68:72698 WR 176:42 ZR 115(19):904 18.026 Calef, G. W. and J. Van Camp. 1987. Seasonal distribution, group size and structure, and movements of bison herds. Canadian Wildlife Service Occasional Paper, no. 63. Canadian Wildlife Serive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. ZR 124(19):1418 18.027 Carbyn, L. N. 1975. Wolf predation and behavioural interations with elk and other ungulates in an area of high prey diversity. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Toronto. AD 74/75:443 18.028 Carbyn, L. N. 1975. Factors influencing activity patterns of ungulates at mineral licks. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 53:378-384. BA 60:29365 18.029 Carbyn, L. N. 1977. Preliminary analysis of wolf-ungulate interactions with specific reference to moose in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba. Pages 283-289 in Proceedings of the North American Moose Conference and Workshop, no. 13. St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. WR 189:35 18.030 Carbyn, L. N. 1983. Wolf predation on elk in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba. Journal of Wildlife Management, 47:963-976. BA 77:74288 WR 192:33 ZR 120(19):1261 18.031 Carbyn, L. N. and M. C. S. Kingsley. 1979. Summer food habits of wolves with the emphasis on moose in Riding Mountain National Park. Pages 349-361 in Proceedings of the North American Moose Conference and Workshop, no. 15. St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. WR 189:35 18.032 Carbyn, L. N. and T. Trottier. 1987. Responses of bison on their calving grounds to predation by wolves in Wood Buffalo National Park. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65:2072-2078. BA 85:25217 WR 208:48 ZR 124(19):1459 18.033 Child, K. N., K. K. Fujino, and M. W. Warren. 1978. A gray wolf (Canis lupus columbianus) and stone sheep (Ovis dalli stonei) fatal predator-prey encounter. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 92:399-401. BA 67:72533 WR 173:39 ZR 115(19):1094 18.034 Chudik, I. 1972. Effect of predation on Cervidae and damage to forestry plantations. Ceskoslovenska Ochrana Prirody, 13:249-267. [in Czech; English, Russian, and German summaries] ZR 110(19):36 18.035 Colinvaux, P. A. and B. D. Barnett. 1979. Lindeman and the ecological efficiency of wolves. American Naturalist, 114:707-718. BA 69:35970 WR 183:62 ZR 116(19):1440 18.036 Crete, M., M. Belanger, and J. Tremblay. 1981. Alimentary diet of the wolf in southeast Quebec from May to October. Naturaliste Canadien, 108(2):167-173. [in French] ZR 118(19):1368 18.037 Cummings, H. G. 1975. Clumping behavior and predation with special reference to caribou. Pages 474-497 in Proceedings of the First Internatinal Reindeer and Caribou Symposium; Biological Papers of the University of Alaska, Special Report, no. 1 (J. R. Luick, ed.). University of Alaska, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK. BI 77:96883 18.038 Dauphine, T. C. 1969. A wolf kills a caribou calf. Blue Jay, 27:99. BI 69:54530 WR 140:37 18.039 Davis. J. L., R. Shideler, and R. E. Leresche. 1978. Big game investigations. Movements and distribution of the Fortymile caribou herd; final report. Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK. ZR 116(19):1648 18.040 Davis. J. L., R. Shideler, and R. E. Leresche. 1978. Big game investigations. Size, composition, and productivity of the Fortymile caribou herd; final report. Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK. ZR 116(19):1650 18.041 Davis, J. L., P. Valkenburg, and R. D. Boertje. 1983. Demography and limiting factors of Alaska's delta caribou herd. Pages 135-137 in Acta Zoologica Fennica, no. 174 (E. Pulliainen and 5. Sulkava, eds.). Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, Helsinki, Finland. LIFE 18.042 DelGiudice, G. D,, U. S. Seal, and L. D. Mech. 1987. Effects of feeding and fasting on wolf blood and urine characterics. Journal of Wildlife Management, 51:1-10, BA 84:44837 WR 206:101 ZR 124(19):2182 18.043 Didrickson, J. and K. P. Taylor. 1978. Big game investigations, Lower Susitna Valley moose population identity study; final report. Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK. ZR 116(19):1768 18.044 Dorrance, M. J. 1982. Predation losses of cattle in Alberta, Canada. Journal of Wildlife Management, 35:690-692. BA 76:25145 ZR 119(19):1960 18.045 Edwards, J. 1983. Diet shifts in moose due to predator avoidance. Oecologia, 60(2):185-189. ZR 120(19):2220 18.046 Eide, S. H. and W. B. Ballard. 1982. Apparent case of surplus killing of caribou by gray wolves. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 96:87-88. BI 24:32807 WR 187:42 ZR 119(19):2117 18.047 Elliott, C. L. and J. D. McKendrick. 1984. Wildlife food habits and habitat use on revegetated stripmine land in Alaska; final report. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK. NT 86:603445 18.048 Fedosenko, A. K. 1986. On the mortality of Ovis orientalis in west Ustyurt. Pages 33-36 in Rare Species of Animals of Kazakhstan (E. V. Gvozdev, ed.). Nauka, Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, USSR. [in Russian] ZR 124(19):2726 18.049 Ferguson, J. H. 1973. Dyamics of free fatty acid mobilzation in arctic carnivores. Arctic Institute of North America, Washington. NT 74:02-65 18.050 Ferguson, J. H. and T. D, Schultz. 1978. Lipid turnover in the tundra wolf, Canis lupis tundraum. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology; A. Comparative Physiology, 161:439-440, BA 67:48538 WR 172:50 ZR 115(19):1846 18.051 Filonov, K. P. and M. L. Kaletskaya. 1982. The moose and wolf in the Darwin State Reserve. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 61:1893-1900, [in Russian; English summary] BA 77:1977 WR 189:36 ZR 119(19):2326 18.052 Filonov, K. P. and M. L. Kaletskaya. 1985. Feeding and biocoenotic relationships. Influence of wolf predation on wild ungulates. Pages 557-562 in The Wolf, History, Systematics, Morphology Ecology (D, I. Bibikov, ed.). Nauka, Moscow, USSR. [in Russian] ZR 123(19):2694 18.053 Floyd, T. J,, L. D. Mech, and P. A. Jordan. 1978. Relating wolf scat content to prey consumed. Journal of Wildlife Management, 42:528-532. BA 67:72693 WR 171:51 ZR 115(19):1930 18.054 Formozov, A. N, and B. A. Golov. 1975. Wolves as pests in animal husbandry in the Uralsk and Guryev Oblasts, Kazakh-SSR (USSR). Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody Otdel Biologicheskii, 80:108-116. [in Russian; English summary] BA 61:7115 ZR 112(19):70 18.055 Fox, J. L. and G. P. Streveler. 1979. Wolf predation of mountain goats in southeast Alaska. Page 639 in Proceedings of the Alaska Science Conference, 29. Alaska Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Fairbanks, AK. [abstract only] WR 177:36 ZR 116(19) 2303 18.056 Fox, J. L. and G. P. Streveler. 1986. Wolf predation on mountain goats in southeastern Alaska. Journal of Mammalogy, 67:192-195. BI 31:857 WR 201:42 ZR 123(l9):2801 18.057 Franzmann, A. W. 1978. Moose. Pages 67-81 in Big Game of North America: Ecology and Management (J. L. Schmidt and D. L. Gilbert, eds.). Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, PA. ZR 119(19):2463 18.058 Franzmann, A. W. and P. D. Arneson. 1976. Marrow fat in Alaskan moose femurs in relation to mortality factors. Journal of Wildlife Management, 40:336-339. BA 62:47998 18.059 Franzmann, A. W., C. C. Schwartz, and D. C. Johnson. 1983. Kenai Peninsula moose calf mortality study. Project Progress Report, no. 1. Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK. ZR 120(19):2632 18.060 Franzmann, A. W., C. C. Schwartz, and D. C. Johnson. 1984. Kenai Peninsula moose calf mortality study; project progress report. Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK. ZR 121(19):2418 18.061 Franzmann, A. W., C. C. Schwartz, and R. O. Peterson. 1979. Big game investigations. Kenai Peninsula moose calf mortality study; final report. Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK. ZR 116(19):2327 18.062 Franzmann, A. W., C. C. Schwartz, and R. O. Peterson. 1980. Moose (Alces alces) calf mortality in summer on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management, 44:764-768. BI 19:54763 18.063 Freeman, M. M. R. 1971. Population characteristics of musk-oxen in Jones Sound region of the Northwest Territories. Journal of Wildlife Management, 35: 108-108. BA 52:65808 18.064 Frenzel, L. D. 1974. Occurrence of moose in food of wolves as revealed by scat analyses: A review of North American studies. Naturaliste Canadien, 101: 467-479. BI 75:55649 ZR 112(19):72 18.065 Frijlink, J. H. 1977. Patterns of wolf pack movements prior to kills as read from tracks in Algonguin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 47:131-137. BA 65:62254 WR 174:83 ZR 114(19):73 18.066 Fritts, S. H. 1982. Wolf predation of livestock in Minnesota. Resource Publication, no. 145. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington. MC 82-19474 WR 185:75 18.067 Fuller, T. K. 1986. Observations of moose, Alces alces, in peripheral range in northcentral Minnesota. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 100:359-362. BA 83:78269 ZR 123(19):2887 18.068 Fuller, T. K., P. L. Coy, and W. J. Peterson. 1986. Marrow fat relationships among leg bones of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Wildlife Society Bulletin, 14:73-75. BI 31:864 18.069 Gagnon, M. A. 1980. The rapid loss of deer. Quebec Science, 19(3) 36-41. [in French] ZR 119(19):2526 18.070 Garbuzov, V. K., S. N. Varshavskii, M. N. Shilov, B. S. Varshavskii, B. V. Garbuzov. 1982. Some characteristics of wolf ecology in relation to its biocenotic role in the uninhabited landscape of northern Priural. Pages 49-51 The Animal World of Kazakhstan and the Problems of its Conservation (E. V. Gvozdev, ed.). Nauka, Alma-Ata, USSR. [in Russian] ZR 123(19):2958 18.071 Gasaway, W. C., R. Stephenson, and J. Davis. 1983. Wolf-prey relationships in interior Alaska. Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK. SP 75:1993 18.072 Gasaway, W. C., R. O. Stephenson, and L. B. Jennings. 1984. Wolf-moose relationships in game management unit 20A following wolf control; progress report. Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK. ZR 121(19):2556 18.073 Gasaway, W. C., R. D. Boertje, D. V. Grangaara, D. G. Kelleyhouse, and R. O Stephenson. 1986. Factors limiting moose population growth in game management unit 20E; project progress report. Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK. ZR 123(19):2978 18.074 Gauthier, D. A. 1986. Population limitation in the Burwash caribou herd, southwest Yukon. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Waterloo. DA 46B:2545 WR 202:41 ZR 123(19):2995 18.075 Gauthier, D. A. and J. B. Theberge. 1986. Wolf predation in the Burwash caribou herd, southwest Yukon. Pages 137-144 in Fourth International Reindeer/ Caribou Syposium (A. Gunn, F. L. Miller, and S. Skjenneberd, eds.). Northwest Territories Department of Renewable Resources, Cambridge Bay, Northwest Territories, Canada. BI 32:119667 18.076 Gauthier, D. A. and J. B. Theberge. 1986. Wolf predation in the Burwash caribou herd, southwest Yukon. Pages 137-144 in Rangifer, special issue no. 1. Nordic Council of Reindeer Research, Harstad, Norway. WR 208:48 18.077 Gipson, P. S. and J. A. Sealander. 1976. Changing food habits of wild Canis in Arkansas with emphasis on coyotes hybrids and feral dogs. American Midland Naturalist, 95:249-253. BA 61:47727 WR 160:11 ZR 113(19):62 18.078 Gray, D. R. 1970. The killing of a bull muskox by a single wolf. Arctic, 23: 197-199. WR 140:37 ZR l08(19):45 18.079 Gray, D. R. 1983. Interactions between wolves and muskoxen on Bathurst Island, N.W.T., Canada. Pages 55-57 in Acta Zoologica Fennica, no. 174 (E. Pulliainen and S. Sulkava, eds.). Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, Helsinki, Finland. WR 193:59 ZR 120(19):3068 18.080 Gunson, J. R. 1983. Wolf predation of livestock in western Canada. Pages 567- 570 in Wolves in Canada and Alaska; Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series, no. 45 (L. N. Carbyn, ed.). Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. CA 83:225 WR 201:92 18.081 Gurskii, I. G., and L. F. Nazarenko. 1969. The action of wolves on the size of the roe deer population in the steppes of the Black Sea foreland. Pages 168-169 in Natural Productivity of the Hunting Lands of the USSR, part 2. Kirov, U.S.S.R. [in Russian] BI 70:42494 18.082 Haber, G. C. 1977. Socioecological dynamics of wolves and prey in a subarctic ecosystem. Ph. D. Thesis. University of British Columbia. DA 398:5738 ZR 115(19):2418 18.083 Haber, G. C. 1977. Socioecological dynamics of wolves and prey in a subarctic ecosystem. Joint Federal-State Land Use Planning Commission, Anchorage, AK. SP 71:11424 18.084 Haber, G. C. 1980. The balancing act of moose and wolves. Natural History, 89(10):38-51 WR 190:31 ZR 117(19):2757 18.085 Haglund, B. 1974. Moose relations with predators in Sweden with special reference to bear and wolverine. Naturaliste Canadien, 101:457-466. BI 75:55648 ZR 112(19):86 18.086 Hall, A. M. 1976. Encounters with the tundra wolf. Beaver, winter: 30-35. ZR 113(19):68 18.087 Hannon, S. J and T. W. Barry. 1986. Demography, breeding biology and predation of willow ptarmigan at Anderson River delta, Northwest Territories. Arctic, 39:300-303. ZR 123(19):3485 18.088 Harrington, F. H. 1981. Urine-making and caching behavior in the wolf. Behaviour, 76:280-288. BA 73:331 PA 67:5060 WR 182:70 ZR 118(19):2645 18.089 Hastings, A. 1984. Age-dependent predation is not a simple process. 2. Wolves, ungulates, and a discrete time model for predation on juveniles with a stabilizing tail. Theoretical Population Biology, 26:271-282. BA 79:48100 ZR 121(19):3108 18.090 Hauge, T. M. and L. B. Keith. 1981. Dynamics of moose, Alces alces, populations in northeastern Alberta. Journal of Wildlife Management, 45: 573-597. BA 73:9255 ZR 118(19):2685 18.091 Hebert, D. M., J. Youds, R. Davies, H. Langin, D. Janz, and G. W. Smith. 1982. Preliminary investigations of the Vancouver Island wolf (Canis lupus crassodon) prey relationships. Pages 54-70 in Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation (F. H. Harrington and P. C. Paquet, eds.). Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ. WR 201:93 ZR 119(19):3202 18.092 Hoefs, M., H. Hoefs, and D. BurIes. 1986. Observations on dall sheep, Ovis dalli, grey wolf, Canis lupus pambasileus, interactions in the Kluane Lake area, Yukon. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 100:78-84. BA 82:91382 WR 203:64 ZR 123(19):3799 18.093 Holleman, D. F. 1976. The use of radioecological data to determine food selection and intake for reindeer, caribou, and wolves. Page 239 in Proceedings of the Alaska Science Conference, 27 (G. C. West, ed.). Alaska Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Fairbanks, AK. [abstract only] BI 15:53560 WR 168:20 18.094 Holleman, D. F. and J. R. Luick. 1976. Radiocesium kinetics in arctic carnivores. Health Physics, 30:241-243. BI 76:61676 WR 175:33 18.095 Holleman, D. F. and J. R. Luick. 1978. Using radioecological data to determine prey selection by the Alaskan wolf. Pages 673-681 in Environmental Chemistry and Cycling Processes (D. C. Adriano and I. L. Brisbin, eds.). U.S. Department of Energy, Technical Information Center, Oak Ridge, TN. BI 17:42126 18.096 Holleman, D. F. and R. O. Stephenson. 1981. Prey selection and consumption by Alaskan wolves in winter. Journal of Wildlife Management, 45:620-628. BA 73:9026 WR 183:63 ZR 118(19):2862 18.097 Holleman, D. F., R. G. White, J. R. Luick, and R. O. Stephenson 1980. Energy flow through the lichen-caribou-wolf food chain during winter in northern Alaska. Pages 202-206 in Proceedings of the Second International Reindeer/ Caribou Symposium (E. Reimers, E. Gaare, S. Skjenneberg, eds.). Roros, Norway. WR 181:25 ZR 117(19):3060 18.098 Horton, K. J. 1979. Deer and timber wolves. Michigan Audubon, 27(2):1. ZR 116(19):3143 18.099 Hoskinson, R. L. and L. D. Mech. 1976. White-tailed deer migration and its role on wolf predation. Journal of Wildlife Managemwent, 40:429-441. BA 63:7434 WR 162:28 ZR 113(19):78 18.100 Houston, D. B. 1978. Elk as winter/spring food for carnivores in northern Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Journal of Applied Ecology, 15:653-662. BA 68:14724 18.100a Hout, J., D. Banville, and H. Jolicoeur. 1978. Study of wolf predation on deer in the Outaouais region. Quebec Ministry of Tourism, Quebec, Canada. [in French] 18.101 Ilani, G. and B. Shalmon. 1984. Wolves and their natural prey. Israel - Land and Nature, 9(2) 82. ZR 123(19):4042 18.101a Jolicoeur, H. 1979. Study of wolf (Canis lupus) predation on deer in the hills of 0utaouais. M. Sc. Thesis. Universite Laval. [in French] 18.102 Kellert, S. R. 1985. Public perceptions of predators, particularly the wolf and coyote. Biological Conservation, 31:167-189. BA 80:2595 18.103 Kelsall, J. P. 1968. Migrating barren-ground caribou of Canada. Canadian Wildlife Service Monographs, no. 3. Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. CA 68:219 18.104 Kolenosky, G. B. 1972. Wolf predation on wintering deer in east-central Ontario. Journal of Wildlife Management, 36:357-359. BI 72:81268 WR 146:18 ZR 109(19):93 18.105 Korytin, S. A. and D. I. Bibikov. 1985. Behavior. Hunting behavior. Pages 311-324 in The Wolf. History, Systematics, Morphology, Ecology (D. I. Bibikov, ed.). Nauka, Moscow, USSR. [in Russian] ZR l23(19):4730 18.106 Kostin, Y. V. 1970. Some aspects of the predator-prey problem in the wildlife management and forestry of the mountain part of the Crimea. Pages 502-504 in Transactions of the IX International Congress of Game Biologists (A. G. Bannikov, ed.). Moscow. [in Russian; English summary] WR 164:29 18.107 Kozlo, P. G. 1983. Ecological and morphological analysis of the moose population. Nauka i Tekhnika, Minsk, USSR. [in Russian] ZR 123(19):4765 18.108 Kudaktin, A. N. 1978. Selective wolf predation on ungulates in a Caucasian nature preserve. Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchetsva Ispytatelei Prirody Otdel Biologicheskii, 83(3):19-28. [in Russian; English summary] BA 67:21111 ZR 115(19):3382 18.109 Kudaktin, A. N. 1982. Predation habits of wolves in the wester Caucasus (USSR). Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody Otdel Biologicheskii, 87(1):24-30. [in Russian; English summary] BA 76:17167 ZR 119(19):4252 18.110 Kuyt, E. 1970. Feeding ecology of wolves on barren ground caribou range in the Northwest Teritories. M.A. Thesis. University of Saskatchewan. WR 142:41 18.111 Kuyt, E. 1971. Food studies of wolves on barren-ground caribou range in the Northwest Territories. Canadian Wildlife Service Progress Notes, no. 23. Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. BI 72:27139 WR 145:37 ZR 111(19):89 18.112 Kuyt. E. 1972. Food habits and ecology of wolves on barren-ground caribou range in the Northwest Territories. Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series, no. 21. Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. BA 56:30640 CA 73:87 RLIN WR 150:50 18.113 Kuyt, E., B. E. Johnson, and R. C. Drewien. 1981. A wolf kills a juvenile whooping crane. Blue Jay, 39:116-119. WR 183:10 ZR 118(19):3635 18.114 Labutin, Yu. V. 1972. Geographical characteristics of feeding in the wolf and the fox. Pages 413-414 in Zoological Problems of Siberia (A. I. Cherepanov, S. S. Folitarek, A. A. Maksimov, et. al., eds.). Nauka, Novosibirsk, USSR. [in Russian] ZR 115(19):3436 18.115 Lavov, M. A. 1984. Productivity of elk populations on Berezino Reserve. Pages 29-30 in The Species and its Productivity within its Distributional Range. Part 2. Mammals, Birds (V. K. Ryabitsev, ed.). Urals Scientific Centre, Academy of Sciences, Sverdlovsk, USSR. [in Russian] ZR 123(19):5022 18.116 Lent, P. C. 1978. Musk-ox. Pages 135-147 in Game of North America: Ecology and Management (J. L. Schmidt and D. L. Gilbert, eds.). Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, PA. ZR 119(19):4478 18.117 Litvinov, V. P. 1981. The wolf (Canis lupis) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Kyzyl-Agach State Reservation. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 60:1588-1591. [in Russian; English summary] WR 184:21 ZR 118(19):3847 18.118 Luick, J. R. 1971. Studies on the nutrition and metabolism of reindeer- carbou in Alaska with special interest in nutrition and environmental adaption; Technical progress report, June 15, 1970 - June 14, 1971. University of Alaska, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK. NT 71:15-6R 18.119 Luick, J. R. 1979. Industrial development in Alaska and its effects on nutritional and physiological status of arctic animals; reindeer research. University of Alaska, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK. NT 83:5303 18.120 Makridin, V. P. 1978. The wolf. Pages 8-50 in Large Predators and Their Ungulate Prey. The Forest and its Inhabitants (A. A. Kaletskii, ed.). Lesnaya Promyshlennost, Moscow, USSR. [in Russian] ZR 119(19):4765 18.121 Meagher, M. M. 1978. Bison. Pages 123-133 in Big Game of North America: Ecology and Management (J. L. Schmidt and D. L. Gilber, eds.). Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, PA. ZR 119(19):5003 18.122 Mech, L. D. 1969. A second progress report . . . continuing timber wolf studies. Naturalist, 20:30-35. WR 134:32 18.123 Mech, L. D. 1971. Wolves, coyotes, and dogs. Pages 19-22 in Proceedings of a Symposium on the White-Tailed Deer in Minnesota (M. M. Nelson). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Section of Game, St. Paul, MN. BI 73:18841 18.124 Mech, L. D. 1972. How the wolf hunts. Animals, 14(7):296-301. BI 72:85242 ZR 109(19):112 18.125 Mech, L. D. 1977. Role of wolf in a deer decline in the Superior National Forest. Research Paper, no. NC-148. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, MN. MC 78-10348 18.126 Mech, L. D. 1977. Population trend and winter deer consumption in a Minnesota wolfpack. Pages 55-83 in Proceedings of the 1975 Predator Symposium (R. L. Phillips and C. Jonkel, eds.). University of Montana, Missoula, MT. ZR 115(19):3985 ZR 116(19):4391 18.127 Mech, L. D. 1979. Why some deer are safe from wolves. Natural History, 88(1): 71-74. WR 190:31 ZR 116(l9):4393 18.128 Mech, L. D., L. D. Frenzel, P. D. Karns, and D. W. Kuehn. 1970. Mandibular dental anomalies in white-tailed deer from Minnesota. Journal of Mammalogy, 51: 804-806. BI 71:16978 18.129 Mech, L. D. and P. D. Karns. 1977. Role of the wolf in a deer decline in the Superior National Forest. Research Paper, vol. 148. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, MN. MC 78-3451 NT 78:11-6C WR 169:28 18.130 Mech, L. D. and M. Korb. 1978. An unusually long pursuit of a deer by a wolf. Journal of Mammalogy, 59:860-861. BI 16:46672 WR 172:7 ZR 115(19) 3987 18.131 Mech, L. D., R. E. McRoberts, R. O. Peterson, and R. E. Page. 1987. Relationship of deer and moose populations to previous winters' snow. Journal of Animal Ecology, 56:615-627. BA 84:05934 WR 206:63 ZR 124(19):6100 18.132 Mech, L. D., U. S. Seal, and G. D. DelGiudice. 1987. Use of urine in snow to indicate condition of wolves. Journal of Wildlife Management, 51:10-13. BA 84:44838 WR 206:102 ZR 124(19):6102 18.133 Messier, F. 1984. Moose-wolf dynamics and the natural regulation of moose populations. Ph. D. Thesis. University of British Columbia. DA 46B:4111 WR 203:64 18.134 Messier, F. 1987. Physical condition and blood physiology of wolves in relation to moose density. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65:91-95. BA 84:2524 WR 205:83 ZR 124(19):6167 18.135 Messier, F. and M. Crete. 1984. Body condition and population regulation by food resources in moose, Alces alces. Oecologia, 65:44-50. BA 79:84803 18.136 Messier, F. and M. Crete. 1985. Moose-wolf dynamics and the natural regulation of moose populations. Oecologia, 65:503-512. BA 80:20876 ZR 122(19):5037 18.137 Michurin, L. N. 1970. The influence of wolves on populations of wild reindeer in the north of middle Siberia. Pages 514-516 in Transactions of the IX International Congress of Game Biologists (A. G. Bannikov, ed.). Moscow. [in Russian; English summary] WR 144:66 WR 164:29 18.138 Miller, D. R. 1975. Observations of wolf predation on barren ground caribou in winter. Pages 209-220 in Proceedings of the First Internatinal Reindeer and Caribou Symposium; Biological Papers of the University of Alaska, Special Report, no. 1 (J. R. Luick, ed.). University of Alaska, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK. BI 77:96855 WR 163:60 ZR 112(19):148 ZR 113(19):114 18.139 Miller, D. R. 1979. Wolf-caribou-human interactions on the taiga of northcentral Canada during winter. Pages 93-116 in The Behavior and Ecology of Wolves (E. Klinghammer, ed.). Garland STPM Press, New York. ZR 116(19):4489 18.140 Miller, F. L. 1983. Wolf-related caribou mortality on a calving ground in north-central Canada. Pages 100-101 in Wolves in Canada and Alaska; Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series, no. 45 (L. N. Carbyn, ed.). Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. CA 83:225 WR 201:42 ZR 120(19):5531 18.141 Miller, F. L. 1987. Management of barren-ground caribou (Rangifer taradus groenlandicus) in Canada. Pages 523-534 in Biology and Management of the Cervidae (C. M. Wemmer, ed.). Smithonian Institution Press, Washington. RLIN 18.142 Miller, F. L. and E. Broughton. 1974. Calf mortality on the calving ground of Kaminuriak caribou during 1970. Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series, no. 26. Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. BA 59:19307 CA 74:91 18.143 Miller, F. L., E. Broughton, and A. Gunn. 1983. Mortality of newborn migratory barren-ground calves, Northwest Territories, Canada. Pages 155-156 in Acta Zoologica Fennica, no. 174 (E. Pulliainen and S. Sulkava, eds.). Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, Helsinki, Finland. ZR 120(19):5533 18.144 Miller, F. L. and A. Gunn. 1977. Group of muskoxen attacked by a solitary arctic wolf, Prince of Wales Island, Northwest Territories. Pages 87-88 in Musk-Ox, no. 20. University of Saskatchewan, Institute for Northern Studies, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. BA 65:18887 WR 168:23 ZR 114(19:150 18.145 Miller, F. L. and A. Gunn. 1986. Caribou calf deaths from intraspecfic strife: A debatable diagnosis. Pages 203-210 in Fourth International Reindeer/Caribou Symposium (A. Gunn, F. L. Miller, and S. Skjenneberd, eds.). Northwest Territories Department of Renewable Resources, Cambridge Bay, Northwest Territories, Canada. BI 32:119676 18.146 Miller, F. L., A. Gunn, and E. Broughton. 1985. Surplus killing as exemplified by wolf predation on newborn caribou. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63:295-300. BA 80:20874 WR 198:5 ZR 122(19):5080 18.147 Morley, J. E., A. S. Levine, S. Nizielski, B. A. Gosnell, E. Plotka, C. J Billington, U. S. Seal. 1984. Species diversity and opioid feeding systems. Pages 279-284 in Frontiers in Neuroscience; Central and Peripheral Endorphins: Basic and Clinical Aspects (E. E. Mueller and A. R. Genazzani, eds.). Raven Press, New York. BI 28:13754 18.148 Morley, J. E., A. S. Levine, E. D. Plotka, and U. S. Seal. 1983. The effect of naloxone on feeding and spontaneous locomotion in the wolf. Physiology and Behavior, 30:331-334. WR 189:76 PA 70:12305 ZR 120(19):5653 18.149 Morley, J. E., A. S. Levine, T. Tandeski, H. Hertel, and U. S. Seal. 1985. Effect of hombeshin cholecystokinin calcitonin and glucagon on consummatory behaviors in wolf pups. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 11(1):36. [abstract only] BI 30:69479 18.150 Morley, J. E., A. S. Levine, H. Hertel, T. Tandeski and U. S. Seal. 1986. The effects of peripheral administration of peptides on food intake glucose and insulin in wolf pups. Peptides (Fayetteville), 7:969-972. BA 83:89151 PA 74:30768 18.151 Mysterud, I. 1984. The problem of wolf and dog in predation areas. Fauna (Oslo), 37(4) 134-147. [in Norwegian; English summary] BA 79:103348 ZR 121(19):5366 18.152 Mysterud, I. 1984. Suspected wolf predation on sheep in Hedmark, Norway, 1982. Fauna (Oslo), 37(2) 41-52. [in Norwegian; English summary] BA 79:11478 ZR 121(19):5365 18.153 Nelson, M. E. and L. D. Mech. 1981. Deer social organization and wolf predation in northeastern Minnesota. Wildlife Monongraphs, no. 77. The Wildlife Society, Inc., Washington. BA 73:74673 WR 183:25 ZR 118(19):4621 18.154 Nelson, M. E. and L. D. Mech. 1984. Observations of a swimming wolf killing a swimming deer. Journal of Mammalogy, 65:143-144. BI 27:7129 WR 193:59 ZR 121(19):5444 18.155 Nelson, M. E. and L. D. Mech. 1986. Deer population in the central Superior National Forest, 1967-1985. Research Paper , vol. NC-271. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, MN. WR 202:98 NT 86:64036 18.156 Nelson, M. E. and L. D. Mech. 1986. Mortality of white-tailed deer in northeastern Minnesota. Journal of Wildlife Management, 50:691-698. BA 83:84636 ZR 124(19):6607 18.157 Nelson, M. E. and L. D. Mech. 1986. Relationship between snow depth and gray wolf predation on white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management, 50:471-474. BA 82:91367 WR 204:38 ZR 123(19):6246 18.157a Nelson, M. M. 1971. Predator management with emphasis on the timber wolf. In Symposium on the White-tailed Deer in Minnesota (M. M. Nelson, ed.). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Section of Game, St. Paul, MN. 18.158 Nesse, G. E., W. M. Longhurst, and W. E. Howard. 1976. Predation and the sheep industry in California, 1972-1974. Bulletin - University of California Division of Agricultural Sciences, no. 1878. University of California Division of Agricultural Sciences, CA. ZR 1l9(19):5419 18.159 Nizielski, S. E., A. S. Levine, J. E. Morley, E. D. Plotka, and U. S. Seal. 1982. Naloxone fails to suppress feeding in torpid/hibernating animals. Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science, 48(3) 27. [abstract only] BA76:52856 WR 191:23 18.160 Nizielski, S. E., A. S. Levine, J. E. Morley, E. D. Plotka, and U. S. Seal. 1983. Lack of feeding suppression with naloxone in torpid/hibernating animals. Federation Proceedings, 4(5):5259 [abstract only] BI 25:30758 18.161 Nudds, T. D. 1978. Convergence of group size strategies by mammalian social carnivores. American Naturalist, 112:957-960. BI 17:39217 ZR 115(19):4392 18.162 Nygren, K. 1980. Effect of the wolf on the moose population. Suomen Riista, 28:71-78. [in Finnish; English summary] WR 182:28 ZR 117(19):4847 18.163 O'Gara, B. W. 1982. Let's tell the truth about predation. Pages 476-484 in Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, no. 47 (K. Sabol, ed.). Wildlife Management Institute, Washington. BI 25:32947 18.164 Okarma, H. 1984. The physical condition of red deer falling a prey to the wolf and lynx and harvested in the Carpathian Mountains. Acta Theriologica, 29(23):283-290. BA 80:57044 WR 199:118 ZR 121(19):5635 18.165 Oosenbrug, S. M. and L. N. Carbyn. 1982. Winter predation on bison and activity patterns of a wolf pack in Wood Buffalo National Park. Pages 43-53 in Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation (F. H. WR 201:42 ZR 119(19):5581 18.166 0vsyukova, N. I. 1984. Role of wolves in reindeer husbandry. Pages 126-129 in Wild Reindeer of the Soviet Union (E. E. Syroechkovskii, ed.). Oxonian Press, New Delhi, India. ZR 122(19):5651 18.167 Parker, G. R. 1971. Biology of the Kaminuriak population of barren-ground caribou. Part 1. Total numbers, mortality, recruitment, and seasonal distribution. Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series, no. 20. Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. WR 150:51 18.168 Pereira, M. J. R. 1985. Effects of human and wolf (Canis lupus) presence on a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) population in northern Portugal (Serra da Nogueira). Pages 671-678 in Transactions of the XVII International Congress of Game Biologists. WR 200:89 18.169 Peterson, R. O. 1974. Snow conditions as a parameter in moose-wolf relationships. Naturaliste Canadien, 101:481-492. ZR 112(19):171 18.170 Peterson, R. O. 1975. Wolf response to increased moose vulnerability on Isle Royale. Pages 344-368 in Proceedings of the North American Moose Conference and Workshop, no. 11. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Duluth, MN. WR 189:36 18.171 Peterson, R. O. 1979. The role of wolf predation in a moose population decline. Pages 329-333 in Transactions and Proceedings Series, no. 5. U.S. National Parks Service, Washington. WR 179:26 18.172 Peterson, R. O. 1985. Wolf-moose ecology at Isle Royale National Park. Pages 361-364 in National Geographic Society Research Report, vol. 21 (W. Swanson, eds). National Geographic Society, Washington. WR 201:42 18.173 Peterson, R. 0. and D. L. Allen. 1974. Snow conditions as a parameter in moose-wolf relationships. Naturaliste Canadien, 101:481-492. BI 75:55650 18.174 Peterson, R. 0., D. L. Allen, and J. M. Deitz. 1982. Depletion of bone marrow fat in moose and a correction for dehydration. Journal of Wildlife Management, 46:547-551. BI 23:52995 18.175 Peterson, R. 0. and R. E. Page. 1983. Wolf-moose fluctuations at Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, U.S.A. Pages 251-253 Acta Zoologica Fennica, no. 174 (E. Pulliainen and S. Sulkava, eds.). Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, Helsinki, Finland. WR 193:59 ZR 120(19):6330 18.176 Philo, L. M. 1986. Water metabolism of wolves in winter: Effects of varying food intake. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Alaska, Fairbanks. DA 49B:55 18.177 Pimlott, D. H. 1969. Wolf predation and ungulate populations. Pages 106-122 in Readings in Conservation Ecology (G. W. Cox, ed.). Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York. ZR 106(19):137 18.178 Priklonsky, S. G. 1985. Feeding and biocoenotic relationships. Relationships with domestic animals. Pages 374-377 in The Wolf. History, Systematics, Morphology, Ecology (D. I. Bibikov, ed.). Nauka, Moscow, USSR. [in Russian] ZR 123(19):6933 18.179 Pulliainen, E. 1979. Predation on the wild reindeer in Kuhmo, eastern Finland. Pages 677-680 in Proceedings of the Second International Reindeer/Caribou Symposium (E. Reimers, E. Gaare, and S. Skjenneberg, eds.). Roros, Norway. ZR 117(19):5309 18.180 Pulliainen, E., J. Iivanainen, M. Laitinen, and K. Vaarala. 1980. A wolf's life amongst the reindeer. Suomen Luonto, 39:118-119. [in Finnish; English summary] WR 181:28 18.180a Ramsay, M. A. and D. R. Seip (eds.). 1979. Symposium on wolf predation. Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. 18.181 Randall, D. 1977. Only a few years left for Wyoming's ferrets. Defenders, 52(2):113-116. ZR 115(19):4893 18.182 Reig, S., L. De La Cuesta, and F. Palacios. 1985. The impact of human activities on the food habits of red fox and wolf in Old Castille, Spain. Revue d'Ecologie la Terre et la Vie, 40:151-155. BI 30:6458 WR 199:177 ZR 122(19):62O6 18.183 Reinman, D. W. 1983. Food habits of wolves (Canis lupus) in north central Minnesota. Minnesota Wildlife Research Quarterly, 43:1-7. WR 204:75 18.184 Rensenbrink, H. P. 1986. Saigas. Dieren, 3(1):22-26. [in Dutch] ZR 123(19):7223 18.185 Rivera, J. G. and A. C. Rey. 1983. The structure of a community of carnivores in the western Cordillera, Cantabrica, Spain. Revue d'Ecologie la Terre et Ia Vie, 37(2) 145-160. [in French; English and French summaries] BA 76:86373 18.186 Robson, F. 1978. When the wolves went. ASB Bulletin, 25(2):73. [abstract only] BI 15:19031 18.187 Rukovskii, N. N. 1978. On some seasonal peculiarities in the feeding of the wolf. Pages 185-186 in Congress of the All-Union Theriological Society, 2nd (P. A. Panteleev, et. al., eds.). Nauka, Moscow, USSR. [in Russian] ZR 116(19):5654 18.188 Rukovskii, N. N. 1985. Feeding and biocoenotic relationships. Feeding. Pages 325-336 in The Wolf. History, Systematics, Morphology, Ecology (D. I. Bibikov, ed.). Nauka, Moscow, USSR. [in Russian] ZR 123(19):7470 18.189 Rumyantsev, V. D. and L. S. Khuraskin. 1978. New data on the mortality of the Caspian seal due to wolves. Page 187 in Congress of the All-Union Theriological Society, 2nd (P. A. Panteleev, et. al. eds.). Nauka, Moscow, USSR. ZR 116(19):5669 18.190 Salvador, A. and P. L. Abad. 1987. Food habits of a wolf population (Canis lupus) in Leon province, Spain. Mammalia, 51:45-52. BA 85:14223 WR 207:107 ZR 124(19):7976 18.191 Sayre, R. 1982. Creatures. Wolf-moose relationships on Isle Royale National Park. Audubon, 84(5):30. ZR 119(19):6522 18.192 Schipman, H. 1968. Buffalo rings. National Parks Magazine, 42(254):14-15. BI 69:36225 18.192a Schlegel, M. 1976. Factors affecting calf elk survival in northcentral Idaho: A progress report. Pages 342-355 in Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Western Association of State Game and Fish Commissioners. Western Association of State Game and Fish Commissioners, Sacramento, CA. 18.193 Schmitz, O. J. and D. M. Lavigne. 1987. Factors affecting body size in sympatric Ontario Canis. Journal of Mammalogy, 68:92-99. BA 83:116362 WR 205:84 18.194 Schultz, T. D. and J. H. Ferguson. 1974. Influence of dietary fatty acids on the compition of plasma fatty acids in the tundra wolf (Canis lupus tundrarum). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology; A. Comparative Physiology, 49:575-581. BA 59:32864 NT 76:07-6A WR 155:25 ZR 111(19):141 18.195 Scott, B. M. V. and D. M. Shackleton. 1980. Feeding habits of two Vancouver Island wolf packs: a preliminary report. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58: 1203-1207. BA 70:56485 WR 178:59 ZR 117(19):5833 18.196 Sharma, I. K. 1979. Habitats, feeding, breeding, and reaction to man of the desert cat, Felis libyca, in the Indian desert. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 76:498-499. BI 20:45563 18.197 Singer, F. J. 1986. Caribou and wolf population fluctuations in the Denali National Park, 1898-1984: Why did the Denali caribou herd decline. Page 134 in Conference on Science in the National Parks Proceedings, 4th (R. Herrmann and T. Bostedt-Craig, eds.). George Wright Society, Fort Collins, CO. [abstract only] WR 208:48 18.198 Singer, F. J. 1987. Dynamics of caribou and wolves in Denali National Park, 1898-1985. Pages 117-157 in Conference on Science in the National parks Proceedings; vol 2. Wildlife Management and Habitats (F. J. Singer, ed.). George Wright Society, Fort Collins, CO. WR 209:25 18.198a Skoog, R. O. 1968. Ecology of the caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) in Alaska. Ph. D. Thesis. University of California, Berkeley. 18.199 Smith, C. A. 1983. Responses of two groups of mountain goats, Oreamnos americanus, to a wolf, Canis lupus. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 97:110. BI 26:21256 WR 191:27 ZR 120(19):7594 18.200 Smith, C. A. 1986. Rates and causes of mortality in mountain goats in southeast Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management, 50:743-746. ZR 124(19):8574 18.201 Smith, C. A. 1987. Predator-induced limitations on deer population growth in southeastern Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Game, Juneau, AK. OCLC 18.202 Smith, C. A., E. L. Young, C. R. Land, and K. P. Bovee. 1986. Effects of predation on black-tailed deer population growth; project progress report. Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK. ZR 123(19):8144 18.203 Smith, T. G. 1980. Hunting, kill, and utilization of a caribou by a single gray wolf. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 94:175-177. BI 19:44418 WR 178:25 ZR 117(19):6080 18.204 Stelfox, J. G. 1983. Caribou behavior in relation to human-elk-wolf influence, Jasper National Park. Page 93-99 in Proceedings of the Alaska Science Conference, 34. Alaska Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Fairbanks, AK. ZR 120(19):7821 18.205 Stelfox, J. G. 1987. Alberta's caribou-wolf issue: An internal squabble among biologists and conservationists. Canadian Society of Environmental Biology Newsletter-Bulletin, 44(3):6-8. ZR 124(19):8832 18.206 Stephens, P. W. and R. O. Peterson. 1984. Wolf-avoidance strategies of moose. Holarctic Ecology, 7:239-244. BA 78:90339 WR 195:64 ZR 121(19):7214 18.207 Stephenson, R. O. 1975. Big game investigation. The spring and summer food habits of Alaskan wolves. The condition and characteristics of ungulate prey taken by wolves; final report. Alaska Division of Game, Fairbanks, AK. ZR 116(19):7273 18.208 Stephenson, R. O. and D. James. 1982. Wolf movements and food habits in northern Alaska. Pages 26-42 in Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation (F. H. Harrington and P. C. Paquet, eds.). Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ. WR 201:97 ZR 119(19):7071 18.209 Strandgaard, S. 1982. Factors affecting moose population in Sweden during the 20th century with special attention to silviculture. Pages 1-31 in Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet. Institutionen foer Viltekologi Rapport, no. 8. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden. [in Swedish] ZR 124(19):8912 18.210 Suminski, P. and W. Filipiak. 1977. Contribution to the investigation into the feeding habits of the wolf (Canis lupis L.). Zeitschrift fuer Jagdwissenshaft, 23:1-5. [In German; French and English summaries] BA 64:25643 WR 166:71 ZR 114(19):217 18.211 Telfer, E. S. and J. P. Kelsall. 1984. Adaption of some large North American mammals for survival in snow. Ecology, 65:1828-1834. BA 79:75513 WR 196:33 18.212 Theberge, J. B. and T. J. Cottrell. 1977. Food habits of wolves in Kluane National Park. Arctic, 30:189-191. BA 66:1396 WR 168:53 ZR 114(19):222 18.213 Theberge, J. B., S. M. Oosenbrug, and D. H. Pimlott. 1978. Site and seasonal variations in food of wolves, Algonquin Park, Ontario. Canadian Field- Naturalist, 92:91-94. BI 15:26216 WR 170:67 ZR 115(19):5962 18.214 Thing, H., P. Henrichsen, and P. Lassen. 1984. Status of the muskox in Greenland. Pages 1-6 in Proceedings of the First International Muskox Symposium; Biological Papers of the University of Alaska, no. 4. (D. R. Klein, R. G. White, and S. Keller, eds.). University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK. ZR 121(19):504 18.215 Timm, D. E., S. O. Morgan, and R. E. Wood. 1975. Wolf as predator on mallards in a bait trap. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 89:322. BI 76:33263 ZR 112(19):221 18.216 Van Ballenberghe, V. 1985. Wolf predation on caribou: The Nelchina herd case history. Journal of Wildlife Management, 49:711-720. BA 80:94217 WR 199:119 ZR 122(19):7743 18.217 Van Ballenberghe, V. 1986. Wolf predation on caribou: The myth of the Nelchina herd. Page 374 in Fourth International Reindeer/Caribou Syposium; Rangifer, special issue no. 1 (A. Gunn, F. L. Miller, and S. Skjenneberg, eds.). Nordic Council of Reindeer Research, Harstad, Norway. [abstract only] BI 32:119710 WR 208:48 18.218 Van Ballenberghe, V. and J. Dart. 1982. Harvest yields from moose populations subject to wolf and bear predation. Pages 258-275 in Alces, no. 18. Lakehead University, School of Forestry, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. WR 191:97 18.219 Van Ballenberghe, V. and T. A. Hanley. 1984. Predation on deer in relation to old-growth forest management in southcentral Alaska. Pages 291-296 in Fish and Wildlife Relationships in Old-Growth Forests: Proceedings of a Symposium (W. R. Meehan, T. R. Merrell, and T. A. Hanley, eds.). American Institute of Fishery Biologists, Morehead City, NC. WR 201:43 ZR 124(19):9484 18.220 Van Camp, J. 1987. Predation on Bison. Pages 25-33 in Canadian Wildlife Service Occasional Paper, no. 63. Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. ZR 124(19):9489 18.221 Van Camp, J. and G. W. Calef. 1987. Population dynamics of bison. Pages 21-24 in Canadian Wildlife Service Occasional Paper, no. 63. Canadian Wildlife Serive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. ZR 124(19):949O 18.222 Vishnevskii, Yu. N. 1983. Feeding behavior of wolf in Darvinsk Reserve (USSR). Page 201 in Applied Ethology; Proceedings of the 3rd All-Union Conference on Animal Behavior, vol. 3 (L. M. Baskin, ed.). Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow, USSR. [in Russian] BI 29:60211 18.223 Voigt, D. R., G. B. Kolenosky, and D. H. Pimlott. 1976. Changes in summer food habits of wolves in central Ontario. Journal of Wildlife Management, 40: 663-668. BA 63:50272 WR 163:45 ZR 113(19):75 18.224 Vyrypaev, V. A. 1977. On the behaviour of the wolf during its group hunting of ungulates. Pages 57-58 in Animal Group Behavior (B. P. Manteifel', ed.). Izdatel'stvo Nauk, Moscow, USSR. [in Russian] ZR 114(l9):236 18.225 Vyrypaev, V. A. 1978. New methods of quantitative determination of the role of predators in the ecosystem. Pages 49-58 in Ecosystem Research in the Tyan Shan Forests (R. R. Krinitskaya, ed.). Ilim, Frunze, USSR. [in Russian] ZR 115(19):6309 18.226 Vyrypaev, V. A. 1980. On hunting behavior of the wolf (Canis lupus) in Tien- Shan. Zooligicheskii Zhurnal, 59:1870-1874. [in Russian; English summary] BA 73:1616 WR 181:65 ZR 117(19):6825 18.227 Weaver, J. L. 1979. Wolf predation upon elk in the Rocky Mountain Parks in North America: A Review. Pages 29-33 in North American Elk: Ecology, Behavior and Management (M. S. Boyce and L. D. Hayden-Wing, eds.). University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY. WR 179:81 ZR 116(19):6936 18.228 Weaver, J. L. and S. H. Fritts. 1979. Comparison of coyote and wolf scat diameters. Journal of Wildlife Management, 43:786-788. BI 18:3029 WR 176:77 ZR 116(19):6938 18.229 Weinberg, U. 1979. The wolf of Malmsberg. Viltrapport, 9:116-120. ZR 121(19):8065 18.230 Wilton, M. L. 1987. How the moose came to Algonquin. Pages 89-106 in Alces, no. 23. Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. WR 210:111 18.231 Wolfe, M. L. 1977. Mortality patterns in the Isle Royale moose population.18.230, 97:267-279. BA 64:8001 ZR 114(19):244 18.232 Zavatskii, B. P. 1984. Biocoenotic role of the wolf in western Sayan. Pages 21-22 in The Species and its Productivity within its Distribution Range; Part 2. Mammals (V. K. Ryabitsev, ed.). Urals Scientific Centre, Academy of Sciences, Sverdlovsk, USSR. [in Russian] ZR 123(19):9691
see also the following entries: 1.005, 2.002, 2.005, 2.006, 2.007, 2.009, 2.010, 2.012, 2.012a, 2.013, 3.005a, 3.006, 3.012, 3.015a, 3.016, 3.019, 3.021, 3.039, 3.045, 3.047, 3.048, 4.001, 4.009, 4.019, 4.020, 4.026, 4.032, 4.037, 4.040, 4.042, 4.053, 4.054, 4.064, 4.067, 4.074, 4.080, 4.083, 4.090, 4.091, 4.094, 4.100, 4.102, 4.104, 4.105, 4.107, 4.113, 4.118, 4.123, 4.126, 4.128, 4.134, 4.137, 4.141, 4.142, 4.147, 4.151, 5.001, 7.006, 7.011, 7.020, 7.021, 7.026, 7.027, 7.029, 7.030, 7.033, 7.034, 7.037, 7.038, 7.039, 7.042, 7.044, 7.045, 7.050, 7.050a, 7.053, 7.054, 7.055, 7.056, 7.057, 7.069, 7.074, 7.075, 7.076, 7.077, 7.079, 7.085, 7.086, 7.087, 7.092, 7.093, 7.096, 7.097, 7.100, 7.108, 7.121, 7.122, 8.060, 10.004, 11.008, 12.091, 12.096, 12.098, 14.003, 14.013, 14.021, 14.029, 14.030, 14.033, 14.049, 14.060a, 14.064, 14.065, 14.067, 14.073, 14.074, 14.075, 14.083, 14.091, 14.094, 14.095, 15.002, 15.003, 15.032, 17.008, 17.016, 17.028, 17.035, 17.037, 17.040, 17.046, 17.048, 17.049, 19.001, 19.003, 19.004, 19.005, 19.011, 19.017, 19.016, 19.019, 19.021, 19.022, 19.023, 19.025, 20.017, 20.044, 21.002, 21.025, 21.032, 21.037, 21.038, 21.042, 21.049, 21.057, 21.058, 21.059, 21.064, 21.065, 21.066, 21.073, 21.085, 21.086, 21.087, 21.088, 21.095, 21.096, 21.098, 21.102, 21.107, 21.108, 21.127, 21.135, 21.143, 21.146, 21.147, 21.150, 21.154, 21.160, 21.161, 21.167, 21.171, 21.191, 21.195, 21.197, 21.202, 21.212, 21.215, 21.222, 21.223, 21.224, 21.228